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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >New Framework To Diagnose the Direct Disposal of Prescribed Drugs in Wastewater - A Case Study of the Antidepressant Fluoxetine
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New Framework To Diagnose the Direct Disposal of Prescribed Drugs in Wastewater - A Case Study of the Antidepressant Fluoxetine

机译：诊断废水中处方药直接处置的新框架-以抗抑郁药氟西汀为例

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摘要

Intentional or accidental release (direct disposal) of high loads of unused pharmaceuticals into wastewater can go unnoticed. Here, direct disposal of a pharmaceutical drug via the sewer network was identified for the first time using wastewater analysis. An irregularly high load of the antidepressant fluoxetine in raw wastewater (10.5 ± 2.4 g d~(-1)) was up to 11 times greater than any other day. National prescription data revealed a predicted daily fluoxetine load for the studied treatment works to be 0.4-1.6 g d~(-1). Enantio-selecrtive analysis showed the high load of fluoxetine was present as a racemic mixture, which is typical for fluoxetine in dispensed formulations. As fluoxetine undergoes stereoselective metabolism within the body, a racemic mixture in wastewater suggests a nonconsumed drug was the major contributor of the high load. This was confirmed by its major metabolite norfluoxetine whose load did not increase on this day. Considering the most commonly prescribed formulation of fluoxetine, this increased load accounts for the disposal of ～915 capsules. Furthermore, as fluoxetine is prescribed as one capsule per day, disposal is unlikely to be at the patient level. It is postulated that direct disposal was from a facility which handles larger quantities of the drug (e.g., a pharmacy).
机译：可能会不注意将大量未使用的药物有意或无意地释放（直接处置）到废水中。在这里，首次使用废水分析确定了通过下水道网络直接处置药物。抗抑郁药氟西汀在原废水中的不规则高负荷（10.5±2.4 g d〜（-1））比其他任何一天高11倍。国家处方数据显示，对于所研究的治疗工作，预计每天氟西汀的负荷为0.4-1.6 g d〜（-1）。对映选择分析表明，高负荷量的氟西汀以外消旋混合物形式存在，这是氟西汀在分配制剂中的典型特征。当氟西汀在人体内进行立体选择性代谢时，废水中的消旋混合物表明，未消耗的药物是高负荷的主要贡献者。其主要代谢产物去氟西汀证实了这一点，其负荷在这一天没有增加。考虑到最常用的氟西汀处方制剂，这种增加的负荷导致了〜915粒胶囊的处置。此外，由于氟西汀每天处方为一个胶囊，因此处置不太可能在患者水平上进行。假定直接处置来自处理大量药物的设施（例如药房）。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第7期|3781-3789|共9页
  • 作者

    Bruce Petrie; Jane Youdan; Ruth Barden; Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.;

    Wessex Water, Bath BA2 7WW, U.K.;

    Wessex Water, Bath BA2 7WW, U.K.;

    Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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