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Biogeochemical Controls of Uranium Bioavailability from the Dissolved Phase in Natural Freshwaters

机译:天然淡水溶解相中铀生物利用度的生物地球化学控制

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摘要

To gain insights into the risks associated with uranium (U) mining and processing, we investigated the biogeochemical controls of U bioavailability in the model freshwater species Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda). Bioavailability of dissolved U(Ⅵ) was characterized in controlled laboratory experiments over a range of water hardness, pH, and in the presence of complexing ligands in the form of dissolved natural organic matter (DOM). Results show that dissolved U is bioavailable under all the geochemical conditions tested. Uranium uptake rates follow first order kinetics over a range encompassing most environmental concentrations. Uranium uptake rates in L. stagnalis ultimately demonstrate saturation uptake kinetics when exposure concentrations exceed 100 nM, suggesting uptake via a finite number of carriers or ion channels. The lack of a relationship between U uptake rate constants and Ca uptake rates suggest that U does not exclusively use Ca membrane transporters. In general, U bioavailability decreases with increasing pH, increasing Ca and Mg concentrations, and when DOM is present. Competing ions did not affect U uptake rates. Speciation modeling that includes formation constants for U ternary complexes reveals that the aqueous concentration of dicarbonato U species (UO_2(CO_3)_2~(-2)) best predicts U bioavailability to L. stagnalis, challenging the free-ion activity model postulate.
机译:为了深入了解与铀(U)开采和加工相关的风险,我们研究了模型淡水物种立木(Lymnaea stagnalis)(Gastropoda)中U生物利用度的生物地球化学控制。在一定范围的水硬度,pH值下以及在以溶解的天然有机物(DOM)形式存在络合配体的情况下,通过受控实验室实验对溶解的U(Ⅵ)的生物利用度进行了表征。结果表明,在所有测试的地球化学条件下,溶解的U均具有生物利用度。在涵盖大多数环境浓度的范围内,铀的吸收速率遵循一级动力学。当暴露浓度超过100 nM时,stagnalis中的铀吸收速率最终显示出饱和吸收动力学,表明通过有限数量的载体或离子通道吸收。 U吸收速率常数与Ca吸收速率之间缺乏联系,这表明U并非仅使用Ca膜转运蛋白。通常,U的生物利用度随pH升高,Ca和Mg浓度升高以及存在DOM而降低。竞争离子不会影响U吸收率。包括U三元配合物的形成常数的物种模型表明,双碳酸盐U物种(UO_2(CO_3)_2〜(-2))的水浓度最能预测U. stagnalis的生物利用度,挑战了自由离子活性模型的假设。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第15期|8120-8127|共8页
  • 作者单位

    U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA94025, United States;

    U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA94025, United States;

    U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA94025, United States;

    U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St Suite E-127, Boulder, CO80303, United States;

    U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St Suite E-127, Boulder, CO80303, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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