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Direct Discharges of Domestic Wastewater are a Major Source of Phosphorus and Nitrogen to the Mediterranean Sea

机译：生活污水的直接排放是地中海中磷和氮的主要来源

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摘要

Direct discharges of treated and untreated wastewater are important sources of nutrients to coastal marine ecosystems and contribute to their eutrophication. Here, we estimate the spatially distributed annual inputs of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) associated with direct domestic wastewater discharges from coastal cities to the Mediterranean Sea (MS). According to our best estimates, in 2003 these inputs amounted to 0.9 × 10~9 mol P yr~(-1) and 15 × 10~9 mol N yr~(-1), that is, values on the same order of magnitude as riverine inputs of P and N to the MS. By 2050, in the absence of any mitigation, population growth plus higher per capita protein intake and increased connectivity to the sewer system are projected to increase P inputs to the MS via direct wastewater discharges by 254, 163, and 32% for South, East, and North Mediterranean countries, respectively. Complete conversion to tertiary wastewater treatment would reduce the 2050 inputs to below their 2003 levels, but at an estimated additional cost of over €2 billion yr~(-1). Management of coastal eutrophication may be best achieved by targeting tertiary treatment upgrades to the most affected near-shore areas, while simultaneously implementing legislation limiting P in detergents and increasing wastewater reuse across the entire basin.
机译：经处理和未经处理的废水的直接排放是沿海海洋生态系统养分的重要来源，并有助于其富营养化。在这里，我们估算了从沿海城市到地中海（MS）的直接生活污水排放相关的磷（P）和氮（N）的空间分布年度输入。根据我们的最佳估计，在2003年，这些输入量分别为0.9×10〜9 mol P yr〜（-1）和15×10〜9 mol N yr〜（-1），即相同数量级的值作为P和N向MS的河流输入。到2050年，在不采取任何缓解措施的情况下，预计人口增加，人均蛋白质摄入量增加以及与下水道系统的连通性增加，南部，东部地区通过直接废水排放向MS提供的磷投入将分别增加254％，163％和32％和分别为北地中海国家/地区。完全转换为第三级废水处理将使2050年的投入减少到2003年的水平以下，但估计额外成本超过20亿欧元（-1）。最好通过将三级处理升级改造到受影响最严重的近岸地区来实现沿海富营养化的管理，同时实施立法来限制洗涤剂中的磷含量并提高整个流域的废水回用率。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第16期|8722-8730|共9页
  • 作者

    Helen R. Powley; Hans H. Duerr; Ana T. Lima; Michael D. Krom; Philippe Van Cappellen;

  • 作者单位

    Ecohydrology Research Group, Water Institute and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada;

    Ecohydrology Research Group, Water Institute and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada;

    Ecohydrology Research Group, Water Institute and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada,Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, CEP 29075-910 -Vitoria, Espirito Santo Brazil;

    Ecohydrology Research Group, Water Institute and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada,School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom,Department of Marine Biology, Haifa University, Mt Carmel, Haifa, Israel;

    Ecohydrology Research Group, Water Institute and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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