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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Direct Photolysis Rates and Transformation Pathways of the Lampricides TFM and Niclosamide in Simulated Sunlight
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Direct Photolysis Rates and Transformation Pathways of the Lampricides TFM and Niclosamide in Simulated Sunlight

机译：模拟阳光下灯盏花药TFM和尼氯酰胺的直接光解速率和转化途径

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摘要

The lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophe-nol (TFM) and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicyIanilide (niclosamide) are directly added to many tributaries of the Great Lakes that harbor the invasive parasitic sea lamprey. Despite their long history of use, the fate of lampricides is not well understood. This study evaluates the rate and pathway of direct photodegradation of both lampricides under simulated sunlight. The estimated half-lives of TFM range from 16.6 ± 0.2 h (pH 9) to 32.9 ± 1.0 h (pH 6), while the half-lives of niclosamide range from 8.88 ± 0.52 days (pH 6) to 382 ± 83 days (pH 9) assuming continuous irradiation over a water depth of 55 cm. Both compounds degrade to form a series of aromatic intermediates, simple organic acids, ring cleavage products, and inorganic ions. Experimental data were used to construct a kinetic model which demonstrates that the aromatic products of TFM undergo rapid photolysis and emphasizes that niclosamide degradation is the rate-limiting step to dehalogenation and mineralization of the lampricide. This study demonstrates that TFM photodegradation is likely to occur on the time scale of lampricide applications (2-5 days), while niclosamide, the less selective lampricide, will undergo minimal direct photodegradation during its passage to the Great Lakes.
机译：直接将三溴甲烷3-三氟甲基-4-硝基苯酚（TFM）和2'，5-二氯-4'-硝基水杨酰苯胺（烟酰胺）直接添加到大湖的许多支流中，这些支流具有入侵性寄生海鳗。尽管使用杀虫剂已有很长的历史，但对杀虫剂的命运却知之甚少。这项研究评估了在模拟的阳光下两种杀菌剂的直接光降解速率和途径。 TFM的估计半衰期为16.6±0.2 h（pH 9）至32.9±1.0 h（pH 6），而烟酰胺的半衰期为8.88±0.52天（pH 6）至382±83天（ pH 9）假设在55 cm的水深范围内连续照射。两种化合物均降解形成一系列芳族中间体，简单的有机酸，环裂解产物和无机离子。实验数据被用于构建动力学模型，该动力学模型表明TFM的芳族产物经历了快速的光解，并强调了烟酰胺的降解是该除icide剂脱卤和矿化的速率限制步骤。这项研究表明，TFM的光降解很可能会发生在施用除草剂的时间范围内（2-5天），而选择性较低的除草剂烟酰胺在进入大湖区期间将经历最小的直接光降解。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第18期|9998-10006|共9页
  • 作者

    Megan B. McConville; Terrance D. Hubert; Christina K. Remucal;

  • 作者单位

    Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States;

    Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, United States Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603, United States;

    Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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