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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Contaminated Marine Sediments As a Source of Cesium Radioisotopes for Benthic Fauna near Fukushima
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Contaminated Marine Sediments As a Source of Cesium Radioisotopes for Benthic Fauna near Fukushima

机译：受污染的海洋沉积物是福岛附近底栖动物的铯放射性同位素来源

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摘要

Marine animals, seawater, and sediment near Fukushima, Japan have become contaminated with ~(134)Cs and ~(137)Cs released in March 2011 from the damaged Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. Radiocesium concentrations in some benthic fauna declined more slowly than in pelagic fish in the same region. We tested the hypothesis that benthic fish remained more contaminated due to the bioavailability of radiocesium in sediments. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that the assimilation efficiency of ~(137)Cs was 16% in polychaetes ingesting Fukushima sediment, up to 55% in crabs ingesting polychaetes, and about 80% in fish ingesting worms. In addition, all animals acquired Cs directly from the aqueous phase, but this accounted for only 1.2-2.5% of their total body burden. Thus, diet accounted for nearly all of the total body burden of Cs in these animals. Rate constants of Cs loss from animal tissues were 20% d~(-1) for polychaetes, 10% d~(-1) for crabs, and 6% d~(-1) for fish after acquisition of Cs from water; rate constants following dietary uptake were 45% d~(-1) 14% d~(-1) and 5% d~(-1) for polychaetes, crabs, and fish, respectively. A bioaccumulation model indicated that the transfer factors of Cs from sediments and the trophic transfer factors from worms to predators were about 1. Overall, sediment-bound Cs is sufficiently bioavailable to deposit-feeding polychaetes, and macrofauna assimilate Cs from these polychaetes to account for ＞90% of their body burden. This helps to explain the longer retention of Cs in bottom-dwelling fish near Fukushima.
机译：日本福岛附近的海洋动物，海水和沉积物已受到2011年3月从受损的福岛第一核电站释放的〜（134）C和〜（137）C的污染。在相同区域，某些底栖动物中放射性铯的浓度下降速度比远洋鱼类中的放射性铯下降速度慢。我们检验了以下假设：由于沉积物中放射性铯的生物利用度，底栖鱼类受到更多污染。实验室实验表明，〜（137）Cs在摄入福岛沉积物的多毛类动物中的同化效率为16％，在摄入多毛壳类的螃蟹中为55％，对鱼类蠕虫的同化效率为约80％。此外，所有动物都直接从水相中获取Cs，但这仅占其总身体负担的1.2-2.5％。因此，饮食几乎占了这些动物体内所有Cs的总体负担。从水中获取Cs后，动物的Cs从动物组织中流失的速率常数为20％d〜（-1），螃蟹为10％d〜（-1），鱼类为6％d〜（-1）。饮食，多壳类，蟹类和鱼类的速率常数分别为45％d〜（-1），14％d〜（-1）和5％d〜（-1）。生物富集模型表明，沉积物中Cs的传递因子和蠕虫向捕食者中的营养传递因子约为1。总体而言，与沉积物结合的Cs具有足够的生物利用度，可用于沉积物喂养的多毛类动物，大型动物将这些多毛类动物的Cs同化。 ＞ 90％的身体负担。这有助于解释Cs在福岛附近海底鱼类中的保留时间更长。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第19期|10448-10455|共8页
  • 作者

    Cuiyu Wang; Zofia Baumann; Daniel J. Madigan; Nicholas S. Fisher;

  • 作者单位

    School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5000, United States;

    School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5000, United States,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton CT, 06340, USA;

    Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton CT, 06340, USA,Harvard University Center for the Environment, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, 02138, USA;

    School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5000, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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