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Precision of Atmospheric Persistent Organic Pollutant Concentration Measurements

机译：大气中持久性有机污染物浓度测量的精度

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摘要

Environmental measurement programs are often undertaken with the assumption that measurements at a given location will be comparable to others that would be observed at the same time in the immediate vicinity, but this assumption has seldom been tested. This paper does so. We discuss here the precision of atmospheric concentration measurements of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) near the North American Great Lakes-measurements that we have been conducting since 1994. We report the relative percent differences between the measured values for 100—200 duplicate samples, and through our use of surrogate (recovery) standards, we have separated the analytical error from the sampling error for the target compounds. The error contributions we calculated were on the order of 5% for the analytical error and 20% for the sampling error, suggesting that the latter is the greatest hindrance to increased precision. In a comparison of relative percent differences for measurements among different atmospheric phases, we observed the highest errors for precipitation samples, with an average median of 35 ± 3, which is more than for vapor-phase samples (27 ± 3) or particle-phase samples (27 ± 2). We suggest that sampling errors are principally the result of inaccuracies in measuring the sample volume and possibly the result of spatial heterogeneity of the atmosphere.
机译：进行环境测量程序时通常会假设在给定位置进行的测量将与在附近同时进行的其他测量结果具有可比性，但是这种假设很少经过检验。本文是这样做的。我们在这里讨论了自1994年以来一直在进行的北美大湖区附近持久性有机污染物（POPs）大气浓度测量的精度。我们报告了100-200个重复样品的测量值之间的相对百分比差异，并且通过使用替代（回收）标准物，我们已经将了目标化合物的分析误差与采样误差分开了。我们计算出的误差贡献对于分析误差约为5％，对于采样误差约为20％，这表明后者是提高精度的最大障碍。在比较不同大气相之间的测量值的相对百分比差异时，我们观察到降水样品的误差最高，平均中位数为35±3，这比气相样品（27±3）或颗粒相的平均值更高样本（27±2）。我们建议采样误差主要是测量样品量不准确的结果，也可能是大气空间异质性的结果。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2016年第24期|13464-13469|共6页
  • 作者

    Daniel C. Lehman; James C. Bays; Ronald A Hites;

  • 作者单位

    School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 4740S, United States;

    School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 4740S, United States;

    School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 4740S, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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