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Global Inventory, Long-Range Transport and Environmental Distribution of Dicofol

机译：三氯杀螨醇的全球清单，远距离运输和环境分布

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摘要

The uncertainties on whether dicofol can be identified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) in terms of its long-range transport (LRT) potential and global distribution, are always a controversial topic during international regulation deliberations. The lack of monitoring data in remote background regions necessitates a model-based evaluation approach for assessing the global distribution of dicofoL However, few model simulations are available at present, as there is no inventory available for global historical usage of dicofol that has sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution. To describe the current status of global emission, we first developed an inventory of global dicofol usage for the period of 2000-2012 at 1° × 1° latitude/longitude resolution. We then assessed the LRT potential of dicofol by calculating its Arctic Contamination Potential using the Globo-POP model. In addition, we simulated the global mass distribution and the fate of dicofol in the environment using the BETR-Global model at 15° × 15° latitude/longitude resolution. Our estimated inventory established that over the period of 13 years, a total of 28.2 kilo tonnes (kt) of dicofol was applied and released into the environment. East and Southeast Asia, the Mediterranean Coast, and Northern and Central America were identified as hotspots of usage and release. Dicofol exhibited a higher Arctic Contamination Potential than several confirmed Arctic contaminants, and a larger current volume of consumption than most existing POPs. The results of our BETR-Global simulation suggest that (ⅰ) dicofol can indeed be transported northward, most likely driven by both atmospheric and oceanic advections from source regions at midlatitudes, and (ⅱ) dicofol will be enriched in remote background regions. Continuous use of dicofol in source regions will result in exposure both locally and in remote regions, and the examination of the potential for adverse effects is therefore of paramount importance. Proactive restrictions at the international level may be warranted.
机译：在三氯杀螨醇的远距离运输（LRT）潜力和全球分布方面，能否确定其是否为持久性有机污染物（POP）的不确定性一直是国际法规审议期间一直存在争议的话题。在偏远的背景区域缺乏监测数据，因此需要基于模型的评估方法来评估dicofoL的全球分布。但是，目前尚无可用的模型模拟，因为尚无可用于全球历史使用的三氯杀螨醇的库存，其空间足够高和时间分辨率。为了描述全球排放的现状，我们首先以1°×1°的纬度/经度分辨率编制了2000-2012年期间三氯杀螨醇的全球使用量清单。然后，我们使用Globo-POP模型计算了三氯杀螨醇的北极污染潜能，从而评估了三氯杀螨醇的LRT潜能。此外，我们使用BETR-Global模型在15°×15°纬度/经度分辨率下模拟了环境中三氯杀螨醇的总体质量分布和命运。我们的估算清单确定，在13年的时间里，总共施用了28.2吨三氯杀螨醇并释放到环境中。东亚和东南亚，地中海沿岸以及北美洲和中美洲被确定为使用和释放的热点。三氯杀螨醇显示出比几种已确认的北极污染物更高的北极污染潜能，并且比大多数现有的持久性有机污染物目前的消耗量更大。我们的BETR-Global模拟结果表明，三氯杀螨醇确实可以向北运输，最有可能是中纬度源区的大气和海洋对流驱动的，三氯杀螨醇会在偏远的背景区域富集。在源区连续使用三氯杀螨醇将导致局部和偏远地区的接触，因此，检查潜在的不利影响至关重要。可能需要在国际一级采取积极的限制措施。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第1期|212-222|共11页
  • 作者

    Li Li; Jianguo Liu; Jianxin Hu;

  • 作者单位

    State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China;

    State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China;

    State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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