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Bulk Energy Storage Increases United States Electricity System Emissions

机译：大量储能增加美国电力系统的排放

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摘要

Bulk energy storage is generally considered an important contributor for the transition toward a more flexible and sustainable electricity system. Although economically valuable, storage is not fundamentally a "green" technology, leading to reductions in emissions. We model the economic and emissions effects of bulk energy storage providing an energy arbitrage service. We calculate the profits under two scenarios (perfect and imperfect information about future electricity prices), and estimate the effect of bulk storage on net emissions of CO_2, SO_2, and NO_x for 20 eGRID subregions in the United States. We find that net system CO_2 emissions resulting from storage operation are nontrivial when compared to the emissions from electricity generation, ranging from 104 to 407 kg/MWh of delivered energy depending on location, storage operation mode, and assumptions regarding carbon intensity. Net NO_x emissions range from -0.16 (i.e., producing net savings) to 0.49 kg/MWh, and are generally small when compared to average generation-related emissions. Net SO_2 emissions from storage operation range from -0.01 to 1.7 kg/MWh, depending on location and storage operation mode.
机译：大容量储能通常被认为是向更加灵活和可持续的电力系统过渡的重要贡献。尽管在经济上有价值，但是存储从根本上并不是一种“绿色”技术，可以减少排放。我们对提供能源套利服务的大容量储能的经济和排放效应进行建模。我们计算了两种情况下的利润（有关未来电价的完美和不完美信息），并估算了美国20个eGRID子区域大容量存储对CO_2，SO_2和NO_x净排放的影响。我们发现，与发电相比，存储操作产生的净系统CO_2排放是微不足道的，取决于位置，存储操作模式和碳强度的假设，输送的能量为104至407 kg / MWh。净NO_x排放量介于-0.16（即产生净节省量）到0.49 kg / MWh之间，与与平均发电量相关的平均排放量相比通常很小。储存场所的SO_2净排放量范围为-0.01至1.7 kg / MWh，这取决于位置和储存场所的模式。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第5期|3203-3210|共8页
  • 作者

    Eric S. Hittinger; Ines M. L. Azevedo;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Public Policy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States;

    Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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