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Atmospheric Mercury Footprints of Nations

机译：国家大气汞足迹

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摘要

The Minamata Convention was established to protect humans and the natural environment from the adverse effects of mercury emissions. A cogent assessment of mercury emissions is required to help implement the Minamata Convention. Here, we use an environmentally extended multi-regional input-output model to calculate atmospheric mercury footprints of nations based on upstream production (meaning direct emissions from the production activities of a nation), downstream production (meaning both direct and indirect emissions caused by the production activities of a nation), and consumption (meaning both direct and indirect emissions caused by final consumption of goods and services in a nation). Results show that nations function differently within global supply chains. Developed nations usually have larger consumption-based emissions than up- and downstream production-based emissions. India, South Korea, and Taiwan have larger downstream production-based emissions than their upstream production- and consumption-based emissions. Developed nations (e.g., United States, Japan, and Germany) are in part responsible for mercury emissions of developing nations (e.g., China, India, and Indonesia). Our findings indicate that global mercury abatement should focus on multiple stages of global supply chains. We propose three initiatives for global mercury abatement, comprising the establishment of mercury control technologies of upstream producers, productivity improvement of downstream producers, and behavior optimization of final consumers.
机译：制定《水Min公约》是为了保护人类和自然环境免受汞排放的不利影响。需要对汞排放进行有力的评估，以帮助执行《水am公约》。在这里，我们使用环境扩展的多区域投入产出模型，根据上游生产（意味着一个国家生产活动产生的直接排放量），下游生产（意味着由生产造成的直接和间接排放量）来计算国家的大气汞足迹一国的生产活动）和消费（一国的商品和服务的最终消费所引起的直接和间接排放）。结果表明，国家在全球供应链中的功能有所不同。发达国家通常具有比以消费为基础的上，下游生产排放更大的排放量。印度，韩国和台湾的下游基于生产的排放量大于上游基于生产和消费的排放量。发达国家（例如美国，日本和德国）部分负责发展中国家（例如中国，印度和印度尼西亚）的汞排放。我们的发现表明，全球汞减排应关注全球供应链的多个阶段。我们提出了全球减排的三项举措，包括建立上游生产商的汞控制技术，提高下游生产商的生产率以及优化最终消费者的行为。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第6期|3566-3574|共9页
  • 作者

    Sai Liang; Yafei Wang; Sergio Cinnirella; Nicola Pirrone;

  • 作者单位

    School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1041, United States;

    School of Statistics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China,Institute of National Accounts, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China;

    Division of Rende, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Savino, 87036 Rende, Italy;

    Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, 00016 Rome, Italy;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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