...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Atmospheric Evolution of Sulfur Emissions from Kilauea: Real-Time Measurements of Oxidation, Dilution, and Neutralization within a Volcanic Plume
【24h】

Atmospheric Evolution of Sulfur Emissions from Kilauea: Real-Time Measurements of Oxidation, Dilution, and Neutralization within a Volcanic Plume

机译：基拉韦厄的硫排放在大气中的演变：火山岩流中氧化，稀释和中和的实时测量

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

The high atmospheric concentrations of toxic gases, particulate matter, and acids in the areas immediately surrounding volcanoes can have negative impacts on human and ecological health. To better understand the atmospheric fate of volcanogenic emissions in the near field (in the first few hours after emission), we have carried out realtime measurements of key chemical components of the volcanic plume from Kilauea on the Island of Hawai'i. Measurements were made at two locations, one ～3 km north-northeast of the vent and the other 31 km to the southwest, with sampling at each site spanning a range of meteorological conditions and volcanic influence. Instrumentation included a sulfur dioxide monitor and an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor, allowing for a measurement of the partitioning between the two major sulfur species (gas-phase SO_2 and particulate sulfate) every 5 min. During trade wind conditions, which sent the plume toward the southwest site, sulfur partitioning exhibited a clear diurnal pattern, indicating photochemical oxidation of SO_2 to sulfate; this enabled the quantitative determination of plume age (5 h) and instantaneous SO_2 oxidation rate (2.4 × 10~(-6) s~(-1) at solar noon). Under stagnant conditions near the crater, the extent of SO_2 oxidation was substantially higher, suggesting faster oxidation. The particles within the plume were extremely acidic, with pH values (controlled largely by ambient relative humidity) as low as -0.8 and strong acidity (controlled largely by absolute sulfate levels) up to 2200 nmol/m~3. The high variability of sulfur partitioning and particle composition underscores the chemically dynamic nature of volcanic plumes, which may have important implications for human and ecological health.
机译：紧邻火山区域的大气中高浓度的有毒气体，颗粒物和酸可能会对人类和生态健康产生负面影响。为了更好地了解近场（排放后的最初几个小时内）火山喷发的大气命运，我们对夏威夷岛基拉韦厄火山喷羽的关键化学成分进行了实时测量。在两个位置进行了测量，一个位置位于喷口东北偏北〜3 km，另一个位于西南方向31 km，每个位置的采样都跨越了一系列气象条件和火山影响。仪器包括一个二氧化硫监测器和一个气溶胶化学形态监测器，可以每5分钟测量两种主要硫物质（气相SO_2和硫酸盐颗粒）之间的分配。在顺风条件下，将烟羽送往西南地区，硫的分配呈现出清晰的昼夜模式，表明SO_2光化学氧化为硫酸盐。这样就可以定量确定羽龄（5 h）和瞬时SO_2氧化速率（在太阳正午时为2.4×10〜（-6）s〜（-1））。在火山口附近停滞的条件下，SO_2的氧化程度明显更高，表明氧化速度更快。羽流中的颗粒呈极酸性，pH值（主要由环境相对湿度控制）低至-0.8，强酸性（主要由绝对硫酸盐水平控制）高达2200 nmol / m〜3。硫分配和颗粒组成的高变异性突出了火山羽的化学动力学性质，这可能对人类和生态健康具有重要意义。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第7期|4129-4137|共9页
  • 作者

    Jesse H. Kroll; Eben S. Cross; James F. Hunter; Sidhant Pai; Lisa M. M. Wallace; Philip L. Croteau; John T. Jayne; Douglas R. Worsnop; Colette L. Heald; Jennifer G. Murphy; Sheila L. Frankel;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Air Surveillance and Analysis Section, Hawai'i State Department of Health, Hilo, Hawai'i, United States;

    Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, United States;

    Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, United States;

    Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号