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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Solid Manure As a Source of Fecal Indicator Microorganisms: Release under Simulated Rainfall
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Solid Manure As a Source of Fecal Indicator Microorganisms: Release under Simulated Rainfall

机译：固体粪便作为粪便指示微生物的来源：在模拟降雨下释放

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摘要

Understanding and quantifying microbial release from manure is a precondition to estimation and management of microbial water quality. The objectives of this work were to determine the effects of rainfall intensity and surface slope on the release of Escherichia coti, enterococci, total coliforms, and dissolved chloride from solid dairy manure and to assess the performance of the one-parametric exponential model and the two-parametric Bradford-Schijven model when simulating the observed release. A controlled-intensity rainfall simulator induced 1 h of release in runoff/leachate partitioning boxes at three rainfall intensities (30, 60, and 90 mm h~(-1)) and two surface slopes (5% and 20%). Bacterial concentrations in initial release were more than 1 order of magnitude lower than their starting concentrations in manure. As bacteria were released, they were partitioned into runoff and leachate at similar concentrations, but in different volumes, depending on slope. Bacterial release occurred in two stages that corresponded to mechanisms associated with release of manure liquid- and solid-phases. Parameters of the two models fitted to the bacterial release dependencies on rainfall depth were not significantly affected by rainfall intensity or slope. Based on model performance tests, the Bradford-Schijven model is recommended for simulating bacterial release from solid manure.
机译：了解和量化粪便中的微生物释放是估算和管理微生物水质的前提。这项工作的目的是确定降雨强度和表面坡度对固体乳牛粪中大肠杆菌，肠球菌，大肠菌群和溶解氯的释放的影响，并评估一参数指数模型和两者的性能。模拟观察到的释放时，请使用参量的Bradford-Schijven模型。一个控制强度的降雨模拟器在三种降雨强度（30、60和90 mm h〜（-1））和两个表面坡度（5％和20％）下，在径流/渗滤液分配箱中释放了1 h。初始释放中的细菌浓度比粪便中的起始浓度低1个数量级。随着细菌的释放，它们被分成径流和渗滤液，它们的浓度相似，但体积不同，具体取决于坡度。细菌的释放分为两个阶段，这与粪便的液相和固相的释放相关。降雨强度或坡度对影响细菌释放与降雨深度相关性的两个模型的参数没有显着影响。基于模型性能测试，建议使用Bradford-Schijven模型来模拟固体肥料中的细菌释放。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第13期|7860-7869|共10页
  • 作者

    Ryan A. Blaustein; Yakov A. Pachepsky; Robert L. Hill; Daniel R. Shelton;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States,USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States;

    USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States;

    Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States;

    USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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