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CO_2 Emissions from Direct Energy Use of Urban Households in India

机译：印度城市家庭直接能源使用产生的CO_2排放

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摘要

India hosts the world's second largest population and offers the world's largest potential for urbanization. India's urbanization trajectory will have crucial implications on its future GHG emission levels. Using household microdata from India's 60 largest cities, this study maps GHG emissions patterns and its determinants. It also ranks the cities with respect to their household actual and "counter-factual" GHG emissions from direct energy use. We find that household GHG emissions from direct energy use correlate strongly with income and household size; population density, basic urban services (municipal water, electricity, and modem cooking-fuels access) and cultural, religious, and social factors explain more detailed emission patterns. We find that the "greenest" cities (on the basis of household GHG emissions) are Bareilly and Allahabad, while the "dirtiest" cities are Chennai and Delhi; however, when we control for socioeconomic variables, the ranking changes drastically. In the control case, we find that smaller lower-income cities emit more than expected, and larger high-income cities emit less than expected in terms of counter-factual emissions. Emissions from India's cities are similar in magnitude to China's cities but typically much lower than those of comparable U.S. cities. Our results indicate that reducing urban heat-island effects and the associated cooling degree days by greening, switching to modem nonsolid cooking fuels, and anticipatory transport infrastructure investments are key policies for the low-carbon and inclusive development of Indian cities.
机译：印度拥有世界第二大人口，为世界提供了最大的城市化潜力。印度的城市化轨迹将对其未来的温室气体排放水平产生至关重要的影响。这项研究使用了来自印度60个最大城市的家庭微观数据，绘制了温室气体排放模式及其决定因素。它还根据直接使用能源所产生的家庭实际和“反事实” GHG排放对城市进行排名。我们发现，直接能源使用所产生的家庭温室气体排放与收入和家庭规模密切相关。人口密度，基本城市服务（市政水，电和现代烹饪燃料的获取）以及文化，宗教和社会因素可以解释更为详细的排放模式。我们发现（根据家庭温室气体排放量）“最绿色”的城市是巴雷利和阿拉哈巴德，而“最肮脏”的城市是钦奈和德里。但是，当我们控制社会经济变量时，排名急剧变化。在对照案例中，我们发现较小的低收入城市的排放量高于预期，而较大的高收入城市的排放量低于预期。印度城市的排放量与中国城市的排放量相似，但通常远低于美国同类城市的排放量。我们的结果表明，通过绿化，改用现代的非固体烹饪燃料以及预期的交通基础设施投资来减少城市的热岛效应和相关的降温天数是印度城市低碳和包容性发展的关键政策。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第19期|11312-11320|共9页
  • 作者

    Sohail Ahmad; Giovanni Baiocchi; Felix Creutzig;

  • 作者单位

    Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC), Torgauer Strasse 12-15, 10829 Berlin, Germany;

    Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, 2181 Samuel J. LeFrak Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States;

    Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC), Torgauer Strasse 12-15, 10829 Berlin, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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