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Ambient and Emission Trends of Toxic Air Contaminants in California

机译：加利福尼亚有毒空气污染物的环境和排放趋势

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摘要

After initiating a toxic air contaminant (TAC) identification and control program in 1984, the California Air Resources Board adopted regulations to reduce TAC emissions from cars, trucks, stationary sources, and consumer products. This study quantifies ambient concentration and emission trends for the period 1990-2012 for seven TACs that are responsible for most of the known cancer risk associated with airborne exposure in California. Of these seven, diesel particulate matter (DPM) is the most important; however DPM is not measured directly. Based on a novel surrogate method, DPM concentrations declined 68%, even though the state's population increased 31%, diesel vehicle-miles-traveled increased 81%, and the gross state product (GSP) increased 74%. Based on monitoring data, concentrations of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, perchloroethylene, and hexavalent chromium declined 88-94%. Also, the ambient and emissions trends for each of these four TACs were similar. Furthermore, these declines generally occurred earlier in California than elsewhere. However, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, which are formed in the air photochemically from volatile organic compounds (VOCs), declined only 20-21%. The collective cancer risk from exposure to these seven reviewed TACs declined 76%. Significant reduction in cancer risk to California residents from implementation of air toxics controls (especially for DPM) is expected to continue.
机译：在1984年启动了有毒空气污染物（TAC）识别和控制程序后，加利福尼亚州空气资源委员会通过了减少汽车，卡车，固定来源和消费品中TAC排放的法规。这项研究量化了1990年至2012年期间七种TAC的环境浓度和排放趋势，这七种TAC造成了加利福尼亚州与空气传播有关的大多数已知癌症风险。在这七个中，柴油颗粒物（DPM）最重要。但是DPM不能直接测量。基于一种新颖的替代方法，即使该州的人口增加了31％，行驶柴油的里程数增加了81％，而州生产总值（GSP）却增加了74％，DPM浓度却下降了68％。根据监测数据，苯，1,3-丁二烯，全氯乙烯和六价铬的浓度下降了88-94％。同样，这四个TAC的环境和排放趋势相似。此外，这些下降通常在加利福尼亚州发生得比其他地方早。但是，空气中由挥发性有机化合物（VOC）光化学形成的甲醛和乙醛仅下降了20-21％。接触这七个经过审核的TAC导致的集体癌症风险降低了76％。实施空气有毒物质控制措施（尤其是DPM）将继续大大降低加利福尼亚居民的癌症风险。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第19期|11329-11339|共11页
  • 作者

    Ralph Propper; Patrick Wong; Son Bui; Jeff Austin; William Vance; Alvaro Alvarado; Bart Croes; Dongmin Luo;

  • 作者单位

    California Air Resources Board, 1001 'Ⅰ' Street, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, California 95812, United States;

    California Air Resources Board, 1001 'Ⅰ' Street, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, California 95812, United States;

    California Air Resources Board, 1001 'Ⅰ' Street, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, California 95812, United States;

    California Air Resources Board, 1001 'Ⅰ' Street, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, California 95812, United States;

    California Air Resources Board, 1001 'Ⅰ' Street, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, California 95812, United States;

    California Air Resources Board, 1001 'Ⅰ' Street, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, California 95812, United States;

    California Air Resources Board, 1001 'Ⅰ' Street, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, California 95812, United States;

    California Air Resources Board, 1001 'Ⅰ' Street, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, California 95812, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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