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Effects-Directed Analysis of Dissolved Organic Compounds in Oil Sands Process-Affected Water

机译：影响油砂过程中水中溶解性有机物的定向分析

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摘要

Acute toxicity of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is caused by its complex mixture of bitumen-derived organics, but the specific chemical classes that are most toxic have not been demonstrated. Here, effects-directed analysis was used to determine the most acutely toxic chemical classes in OSPW collected from the world's first oil sands end-pit lake. Three sequential rounds of fractionation, chemical analysis (ultrahigh resolution mass spectrom-etry), and acute toxicity testing (96 h fathead minnow embryo lethality and 15 min Microtox bioassay) were conducted. Following primary fractionation, toxicity was primarily attributable to the neutral extractable fraction (F1-NE), containing 27% of original organics mass. In secondary fractionation, F1-NE was subfractionated by alkaline water washing, and toxicity was primarily isolated to the ionizable fraction (F2-NE2), containing 18.5% of the original organic mass. In the final round, chromatographic subfractionation of F2-NE2 resulted in two toxic fractions, with the most potent (F3-NE2a, 11% of original organic mass) containing predominantly naphthenic acids (O_2~-). The less-toxic fraction (F3-NE2b, 8% of original organic mass) contained predominantly nonacid species (O~+, O_2~+, SO~+, NO~+). Evidence supports naphthenic acids as among the most acutely toxic chemical classes in OSPW, but nonacidic species also contribute to acute toxicity of OSPW.
机译：油砂工艺影响水（OSPW）的急性毒性是由沥青衍生的有机物的复杂混合物引起的，但尚未证明最具毒性的特定化学类别。在这里，采用了效果导向分析来确定从世界上第一个油砂底坑湖采集的OSPW中最剧毒的化学类别。进行了三个连续的分级分离，化学分析（超高分辨率质谱分析）和急性毒性测试（96小时黑头min鱼胚胎致死率和15分钟Microtox生物测定）。初次分馏后，毒性主要归因于中性可萃取级分（F1-NE），其中含有27％的原始有机物。在二次分馏中，通过碱水洗涤将F1-NE细分，并将毒性主要分离为可离子化的级分（F2-NE2），其含量占原始有机物质的18.5％。在最后一轮中，F2-NE2的色谱分离过程产生了两个有毒馏分，其中最有效的组分（F3-NE2a，占原始有机物质的11％）主要包含环烷酸（O_2〜-）。毒性较小的部分（F3-NE2b，原始有机物的8％）主要包含非酸性物质（O〜+，O_2〜+，SO〜+，NO〜+）。有证据支持环烷酸是OSPW中最剧毒的化学类别之一，但非酸性物种也有助于OSPW的剧毒。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第20期|12395-12404|共10页
  • 作者

    Garrett D. Morandi; Steve B. Wiseman; Alberto Pereira; Rishikesh Mankidy; Ian G. M. Gault; Jonathan W. Martin; John P. Giesy;

  • 作者单位

    Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada;

    Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada;

    Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada;

    Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada;

    Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada;

    Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada;

    Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada,Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada,Department of Zoology, and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States,Department of Biology & Chemistry and State Key Laboratory for Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China,Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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