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Emissions of Nanoparticles and Gaseous Material from 3D Printer Operation

机译：3D打印机操作产生的纳米颗粒和气态材料的排放

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摘要

This study evaluated the emissions characteristics of hazardous material during fused deposition modeling type 3D printing. Particulate and gaseous materials were measured before, during, and after 3D printing in an exposure chamber. One ABS and two PLA (PLA1 and PLA2) cartridges were tested three times. For online monitoring, a scanning mobility particle sizer, light scattering instrument, and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) monitor were employed and a polycarbonate filter and various adsorbent tubes were used for offline sampling. The particle concentration of 3D printing using ABS material was 33-38 times higher than when PLA materials were used. Most particles were nanosize (＜100 nm) during ABS (96%) and PLA1 (98%) use, but only 12% were nanosize for PLA2. The emissions rates were 1.61 × 10~(10) ea/min and 1.67 × 10~(11) ea/g cartridge with the ABS cartridge and 4.27-4.89 × 10~8 ea/min and 3.77-3.91 × 10~9 ea/g cartridge with the PLA cartridge. TVOCs were also emitted when the ABS was used (GM; 155 ppb, GSD; 3.4), but not when the PLA cartridges were used. Our results suggest that more research and sophisticated control methods, including the use of less harmful materials, blocking emitted containments, and using filters or adsorbents, should be implemented.
机译：这项研究评估了熔融沉积建模3D打印过程中有害物质的排放特性。在曝光室中进行3D打印之前，之中和之后测量颗粒和气态材料。一个ABS和两个PLA（PLA1和PLA2）墨盒测试了三次。对于在线监测，使用了扫描迁移率粒度仪，光散射仪和总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）监测器，并且使用了聚碳酸酯过滤器和各种吸附剂管进行离线采样。使用ABS材料的3D打印的粒子浓度比使用PLA材料的粒子浓度高33-38倍。在使用ABS（96％）和PLA1（98％）的过程中，大多数颗粒为纳米级（＜100 nm），而PLA2仅为纳米级（12％）。排放速率为1.61×10〜（10）ea / min和1.67×10〜（11）ea / g墨盒（带ABS墨盒），4.27-4.89×10〜8 ea / min和3.77-3.91×10〜9 ea / g墨盒和PLA墨盒。使用ABS时也会发出TVOC（GM； 155 ppb，GSD； 3.4），但使用PLA滤芯时则不会。我们的结果表明，应该进行更多的研究和复杂的控制方法，包括使用危害较小的材料，阻止排放的污染物以及使用过滤器或吸附剂。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第20期|12044-12053|共10页
  • 作者

    Yuna Kim; Chungsik Yoon; Seunghon Ham; Jihoon Park; Songha Kim; Ohhun Kwon; Perng-Jy Tsai;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;

    Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea,Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;

    Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea,Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;

    Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;

    Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;

    Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;

    Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Rd., Tainan 70428, Taiwan;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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