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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Profiling Private Water Systems to Identify Patterns of Waterborne Lead Exposure
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Profiling Private Water Systems to Identify Patterns of Waterborne Lead Exposure

机译：对私人供水系统进行性能分析，以识别水性铅的暴露方式

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摘要

Although extensive literature documents corrosion in municipal water systems, only minimal data is available describing corrosion in private water systems (e.g., wells), which serve as a primary source of drinking water for approximately 47 million Americans. This study developed a profiling technique specifically tailored to evaluate lead release in these systems. When applied in an intensive field study of 15 private systems, three patterns of lead release were documented: no elevated lead or lead elevated in the first draw only (Type Ⅰ), erratic spikes of particulate lead (Type Ⅱ), and sustained detectable lead concentrations (Type Ⅲ). While flushing protocols as short as 15-30 s may be sufficient to reduce lead concentrations below 15 μg/L for Types Ⅰ and Ⅲ exposure, flushing may not be an appropriate remediation strategy for Type Ⅱ exposure. In addition, the sustained detectable lead concentrations observed with Type Ⅲ exposure likely result from corrosion of components within the well and therefore cannot be reduced with increased flushing. As profiling techniques are labor- and sample-intensive, we discuss recommendations for simpler sampling schemes for initial private system surveys aimed at quantifying lead and protecting public health.
机译：尽管大量文献记载了市政供水系统中的腐蚀，但是仅有很少的数据描述了私有供水系统（例如，井）中的腐蚀，而私有供水系统是大约4700万美国人的主要饮用水来源。这项研究开发了一种专门用于评估这些系统中铅释放量的分析技术。在对15个私人系统进行的深入实地研究中，记录了三种铅释放模式：无铅含量升高或仅在第一抽出时铅含量升高（Ⅰ型），颗粒状铅的不稳定尖峰（Ⅱ型）和可持续检测到的铅浓度（Ⅲ型）。虽然冲洗时间短至15-30 s足以使Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型接触铅浓度降低到15μg/ L以下，但冲洗对于Ⅱ型接触可能不是合适的补救策略。此外，在Ⅲ型暴露下观察到的持续可检测到的铅浓度可能是由于井内组件腐蚀所致，因此无法通过增加冲洗量来降低。由于剖析技术是劳动和样本密集型的​​，因此我们讨论了针对初始私人系统调查的更简单采样方案的建议，这些调查旨在量化铅和保护公共健康。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第21期|12697-12704|共8页
  • 作者

    Kelsey J. Pieper; Leigh-Anne Krometis; Daniel Gallagher; Brian Benham; Marc Edwards;

  • 作者单位

    Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 200 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States;

    Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 200 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States;

    Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States;

    Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 200 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States;

    Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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