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Natural Fibers: A Missing Link to Chemical Pollution Dispersion in Aquatic Environments

机译：天然纤维：水生环境中化学污染扩散的缺失环节

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摘要

Marine pollutants caught the United States' public eye in the 1960s creating an environmental movement within the nation that eventually spread worldwide. Marine pollutants include a wide range of materials such as debris (e.g., boating materials, plastic, wood, and glass), hazardous chemicals, human waste, etc. In recent years, one type of marine pollutant, classified as microplastics, has caught special attention, stirred environmentalists, and led to extensive studies over the topics of marine pollution. Microplastics are generally defined as plastic debris with ＜5 mm in size. Since the late 1990s, many studies revealed the widespread dispersion of microplastics throughout marine environments from surface ocean waters, deep-sea ocean, coastal beaches, and digestion systems of marine organisms. Today, microplastic research is creeping inland looking at their dispersion over rivers, lakes, and terrestrial soil. Approximately 80% of marine microplastic pollution are from on shore through macroplastic degradation and urban wastewater discharge. In particular, cosmetic products containing microplastic "scrubbers" are washed down the drain and their small size enables them to escape from city wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) systems and enter the aquatic environment. Research has revealed that microplastics are a major environmental concern because their large surface areas and molecular characteristics allow sorption of hazardous chemicals, as well as their persistence against degradation and small size provide a special pathway to transfer chemical pollutants through the food chain.
机译：1960年代，海洋污染物引起了美国公众的关注，在美国国内引起了环境运动，并最终在全球范围内传播。海洋污染物包括各种各样的物质，例如碎屑（例如，划船材料，塑料，木材和玻璃），危险化学品，人类废物等。近年来，一种被归类为微塑料的海洋污染物已引起广泛关注。引起了环保主义者的关注，并引发了有关海洋污染主题的广泛研究。微塑料通常被定义为尺寸小于5毫米的塑料碎片。自1990年代后期以来，许多研究表明，微塑料在整个海洋环境中广泛分布于地表海水，深海海洋，沿海海滩以及海洋生物的消化系统中。如今，微塑性研究正在向内陆蔓延，研究它们在河流，湖泊和陆地土壤中的分布。大约80％的海洋微塑性污染来自岸上的大塑性降解和城市废水排放。尤其是，含有微塑料“洗涤器”的化妆品被冲洗掉了，它们的小尺寸使其可以从城市废水处理厂（WWTP）系统中逸出并进入水生环境。研究表明，微塑料是主要的环境问题，因为它们的大表面积和分子特性使有害化学物质得以吸收，并且它们对降解的持久性和小尺寸提供了一条通过食物链转移化学污染物的特殊途径。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第21期|12609-12610|共2页
  • 作者

    Samantha M. Ladewig; Shaowu Bao; Alex T. Chow;

  • 作者单位

    School of Coastal and Marine Systems Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina 29528, United States;

    School of Coastal and Marine Systems Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina 29528, United States;

    Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology & Forest Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States,Department of Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States, Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology & Forest Science, 177 Hobcaw, Georgetown, South Carolina 29440, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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