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Co-occurrence of Photochemical and Microbiological Transformation Processes in Open-Water Unit Process Wetlands

机译：开阔水单元过程湿地中光化学和微生物转化过程的共现

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摘要

The fate of anthropogenic trace organic contaminants in surface waters can be complex due to the occurrence of multiple parallel and consecutive transformation processes. In this study, the removal of five antiviral drugs (abacavir, acyclovir, emtricitabine, lamivudine and zidovudine) via both bio- and photo transformation processes, was investigated in laboratory microcosm experiments simulating an open-water unit process wetland receiving municipal wastewater effluent. Phototransformation was the main removal mechanism for abacavir, zidovudine, and emtricitabine, with half-lives (t_(1/2,photo)) in wetland water of 1.6, 7.6, and 25 h, respectively. In contrast, removal of acyclovir and lamivudine was mainly attributable to slower microbial processes (t_(1/2,bio) = 74 and 120 h, respectively). Identification of transformation products revealed that bio- and phototransformation reactions took place at different moieties. For abacavir and zidovudine, rapid transformation was attributable to high reactivity of the cyclopropylamine and azido moieties, respectively. Despite substantial differences in kinetics of different antiviral drugs, biotransformation reactions mainly involved oxidation of hydroxyl groups to the corresponding carboxylic acids. Phototransformation rates of parent antiviral drugs and their biotransformation products were similar, indicating that prior exposure to microorganisms (e.g., in a wastewater treatment plant or a vegetated wetland) would not affect the rate of transformation of the part of the molecule susceptible to phototransformation. However, phototransformation strongly affected the rates of biotransformation of the hydroxyl groups, which in some cases resulted in greater persistence of phototransformation products.
机译：由于多次平行和连续的转化过程的发生，人为地表水中微量有机污染物的命运可能很复杂。在这项研究中，通过模拟实验室环境的缩影实验，研究了通过生物和光转化过程去除五种抗病毒药物（阿巴卡韦，阿昔洛韦，恩曲他滨，拉米夫定和齐多夫定）的过程，该实验模拟了接受市政废水排放的开放水单元工艺湿地。光转化是阿巴卡韦，齐多夫定和恩曲他滨的主要去除机理，在湿地水中的半衰期分别为（t_（1/2，photo））1.6、7.6和25 h。相反，去除阿昔洛韦和拉米夫定主要是由于较慢的微生物过程（分别为t_（1/2，bio）= 74和120 h）。转化产物的鉴定揭示了生物转化和光转化反应发生在不同的部分。对于阿巴卡韦和齐多夫定，快速转化分别归因于环丙胺和叠氮基部分的高反应性。尽管不同抗病毒药物在动力学上存在实质性差异，但生物转化反应仍主要涉及将羟基氧化为相应的羧酸。母体抗病毒药物及其生物转化产物的光转化率相似，这表明事先暴露于微生物（例如在废水处理厂或植被湿地中）不会影响易于光转化的分子部分的转化率。然而，光转化强烈影响羟基的生物转化速率，在某些情况下导致更大的光转化产物持久性。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2015年第24期|14136-14145|共10页
  • 作者

    Carsten Prasse; Jannis Wenk; Justin T. Jasper; Thomas A. Ternes; David L. Sedlak;

  • 作者单位

    ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center and Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,Department of Aquatic Chemistry, Federal Institute of Hydrology, D-56002 Koblenz, Germany;

    ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center and Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,Department of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation & Research Centre, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom;

    ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center and Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States;

    Department of Aquatic Chemistry, Federal Institute of Hydrology, D-56002 Koblenz, Germany;

    ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center and Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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