Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Black Carbon in Augsburg, Germany: Combination of Mobile Monitoring and Street View Images

Xiansheng Liu; Xun Zhang; Juergen Schnelle-Kreis; Gert Jakobi; Xin Cao; Josef Cyrys; Lanyan Yang; Brigitte Schloter-Hai; Guelcin Abbaszade; Juergen Orasche; Mohamed Khedr; Michal Kowalski; Marcus Hank; Ralf Zimmermann

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Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Black Carbon in Augsburg, Germany: Combination of Mobile Monitoring and Street View Images

机译：德国Augsburg的时空特征及黑碳驱动因素：移动监控和街道视图的组合

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The study investigates the spatial pattern of black carbon (BC) at a high spatial resolution in Augsburg, Germany. Sixty two walks were performed to assess the concentrations of equivalent black carbon (eBC), ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM), and equivalent brown carbon (eBrC) in different seasons and at different times of the day with a mobile platform (i.e., trolley). Along with BC measurements, images of street microenvironments were recorded. Meteorological parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, were monitored. The BC concentrations showed significant spatial heterogeneity and diurnal variations peaking in the morning and at night. The highest BC concentrations were observed near dense traffic. The correlations between BC and street views (buildings, roads, cars, and vegetation) were weak but highly significant. Moreover, meteorological factors also influenced the BC concentration. A model based on street view images and meteorological data was developed to examine the driving factors of the spatial variability of BC concentrations at a higher spatial resolution as different microenvironments based on traffic density. The best results were obtained for UVPM and eBC (71 and 70% explained variability). eBrC (53%), to which other sources besides road traffic can also make significant contributions, is modeled less well.

机译：该研究调查了德国Augsburg的高空间分辨率的黑碳（BC）的空间模式。进行六十二次步行，以评估不同季节的当量黑碳（EBC），紫外颗粒物质（UVPM）和等效棕色碳（EBRC）的浓度，以及移动平台（即小车）的当天的不同时间。随着BC测量，记录了街道微环境的图像。监测气象参数，包括温度，相对湿度和风速。 BC浓度显示出显着的空间异质性和昼夜变异在早晨和夜间达到峰值。在密集的交通附近观察到最高的BC浓度。 BC与街景（建筑物，道路，汽车和植被）之间的相关性弱，而且非常重要。此外，气象因素也影响了BC浓度。开发了一种基于街道视图图像和气象数据的模型，以检查基于交通密度的不同微环境的较高空间分辨率的BC浓度的空间变异的驱动因素。为UVPM和EBC（71和70％说明的变异性）获得了最佳结果。 ebrc（53％）除了道路交通之外的其他来源还可以做出重大贡献，模拟不太好。

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来源
《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2021年第1期|160-168|共9页
作者
Xiansheng Liu; Xun Zhang; Juergen Schnelle-Kreis; Gert Jakobi; Xin Cao; Josef Cyrys; Lanyan Yang; Brigitte Schloter-Hai; Guelcin Abbaszade; Juergen Orasche; Mohamed Khedr; Michal Kowalski; Marcus Hank; Ralf Zimmermann;
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Joint Mass Spectrometry Center Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg 85764 Germany;

Joint Mass Spectrometry Center Chair of Analytical Chemistry University of Rostock Rostock 18059 Germany;

Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety School of Computer Science and Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China;

Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety School of Computer Science and Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China;

Joint Mass Spectrometry Center Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg 85764 Germany;

Joint Mass Spectrometry Center Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg 85764 Germany Joint Mass Spectrometry Center Chair of Analytical Chemistry University of Rostock Rostock 18059 Germany;

Institute of Epidemiology Ⅱ Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg 85764 Germany Environmental Science Center (WZU) University of Augsburg Augsburg 86159 Germany;

Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety School of Computer Science and Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China;

Joint Mass Spectrometry Center Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg 85764 Germany;

Joint Mass Spectrometry Center Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg 85764 Germany;

Joint Mass Spectrometry Center Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg 85764 Germany;

Joint Mass Spectrometry Center Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg 85764 Germany Joint Mass Spectrometry Center Chair of Analytical Chemistry University of Rostock Rostock 18059 Germany;

Institute of Epidemiology Ⅱ Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg 85764 Germany;

GRIMM Aerosol Technik Aiming GmbH & Co. Ainring 83404 Germany;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Black Carbon in Augsburg, Germany: Combination of Mobile Monitoring and Street View Images

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