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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Indoor Exposure to Toluene from Printed Matter Matters: Complementary Views from Life Cycle Assessment and Risk Assessment
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Indoor Exposure to Toluene from Printed Matter Matters: Complementary Views from Life Cycle Assessment and Risk Assessment

机译：室内印刷品中甲苯的暴露：生命周期评估和风险评估的补充观点

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摘要

A pronounced presence of toluene from rotogravure printed matter has been frequently observed indoors. However, its consequences to human health in the life cycle of magazines are poorly known. Therefore, we quantified human-health risks in indoor environments with Risk Assessment (RA) and impacts relative to the total impact of toxic releases occurring in the life cycle of a magazine with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). We used a one-box indoor model to estimate toluene concentrations in printing facilities, newsstands, and residences in a best, average, and worst-case scenario. The modeled concentrations are in the range of the values measured in on-site campaigns. Toluene concentrations can be close or even surpass the occupational legal thresholds in printing facilities in realistic worst-case scenarios. The concentrations in homes can surpass the US EPA reference dose (69 μg/kg/day) in worst-case scenarios, but are still at least 1 order of magnitude lower than in press rooms or newsstands. However, toluene inhaled at home becomes the dominant contribution to the total potential human toxicity impacts of toluene from printed matter when assessed with LCA, using the USEtox method complemented with indoor characterization factors for toluene. The significant contribution (44%) of toluene exposure in production, retail, and use in households, to the total life cycle impact of a magazine in the category of human toxicity, demonstrates that the indoor compartment requires particular attention in LCA While RA works with threshold levels, LCA assumes that every toxic emission causes an incremental change to the total impact. Here, the combination of the two paradigms provides valuable information on the life cycle stages of printed matter.
机译：在室内经常观察到轮转凹版印刷品中明显存在甲苯。但是，它对杂志生命周期中对人类健康的影响知之甚少。因此，我们使用风险评估（RA）量化了室内环境中的人类健康风险，并使用生命周期评估（LCA）量化了相对于杂志生命周期中发生的有毒物质释放总影响的影响。我们使用一箱式室内模型来估计最佳，平均和最坏情况下印刷设施，报摊和住宅中的甲苯浓度。建模浓度在现场活动中测得的值范围内。在现实的最坏情况下，甲苯的浓度可能接近甚至超过印刷厂的职业法律规定的阈值。在最坏的情况下，家庭中的浓度可能会超过美国EPA的参考剂量（69μg/ kg /天），但仍比新闻发布室或报摊低至少1个数量级。但是，使用USEtox方法并结合室内甲苯特征因子，使用LCA评估时，在家中吸入的甲苯成为印刷品中甲苯对人类潜在总潜在毒性影响的主要贡献。在生产，零售和家庭使用中，甲苯暴露对一本杂志在人类毒性类别中对整个生命周期的影响的重大贡献（44％）表明，室内隔室在LCA中需要特别注意，而RA与阈值水平，LCA假定每种有毒物质的排放都会导致总影响的增量变化。在这里，两种范式的结合提供了有关印刷品生命周期阶段的宝贵信息。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第1期|669-697|共29页
  • 作者

    Tobias Walser; Ronnie Juraske; Evangelia Demou; Stefanie Hellweg;

  • 作者单位

    Group for Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich Switzerland;

    Group for Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich Switzerland;

    Healthy Working Lives Group, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Scotland;

    Group for Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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