Emissions of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans during 2010 and 2011 in Zurich, Switzerland

Christian Bogdal; Claudia E. Mueller; Andreas M. Buser; Zhanyun Wang; Martin Scheringer; Andreas C. Gerecke; Peter Schmid; Markus Zennegg; Matthew MacLeod; Konrad Hungerbuehler

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Emissions of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans during 2010 and 2011 in Zurich, Switzerland

机译：2010年和2011年瑞士苏黎世的多氯联苯，多氯二苯并-对-二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃的排放

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitous contaminants of environmental and human health relevance, but their emissions into the environment are still poorly known. In this study, concentrations of selected POPs were measured in ambient air in Zurich, Switzerland, and interpreted with a multimedia mass balance model. The aim of the combination of measurements and modeling was to back-calculate atmospheric emission rates of POPs. Measurements were performed in summer 2010 and winter 2011 and target analytes included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Estimated emissions were higher in summer than in winter. Emission estimates for Zurich can be extrapolated to annual averages for Switzerland of 312 kg·a~(-1) (39 mg·capita~(-1)·a~(-1)), 53 kg·a~(-1) (7 mg·capita~(-1)·a~(-1)), and 3 kg·a~(-1) (0.4 mg·capita~(-1) ·a~(-1), 94 g WHO98-TECi·a~(-1), 65 g I·TEO·a~(-1)) for the six indicator PCBs (iPCBs), the twelve coplanar dioxin-like PCBs (dlPCBs), and the 17 2,3,7,8-chlorosubstituted PCDD/Fs, respectively. The emission rates of iPCBs are in agreement with existing emission inventories, whereas for PCDD/Fs the emissions are five times higher than the estimates from the Swiss national emission inventory. Emissions of dlPCBs in Switzerland are presented here for the first time. Our study also provides the first seasonally resolved emission rates of POPs, which were determined with our combined measurement and modeling approach. These findings highlight the relevance of ongoing sources of POPs, even decades after regulations aiming to reduce or eliminate sources were established.

机译：持久性有机污染物（POPs）是与环境和人类健康相关的普遍存在的污染物，但其向环境中的排放仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，在瑞士苏黎世的环境空气中测量了选定的持久性有机污染物的浓度，并用多媒体质量平衡模型进行了解释。测量和建模相结合的目的是对POPs的大气排放率进行反算。测量于2010年夏季和2011年冬季进行，目标分析物包括多氯联苯（PCB），多氯二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD / Fs）。夏季的估计排放量高于冬季。苏黎世的排放量估算值可以推断为瑞士的年均312 kg·a〜（-1）（39 mg·人均〜（-1）·a〜（-1）），53 kg·a〜（-1）世卫组织（7 mg·人均〜（-1）·a〜（-1））和3 kg·a〜（-1）（0.4 mg·人均〜（-1）·a〜（-1），94克WHO98 -TECi·a〜（-1），65 g I·TEO·a〜（-1））用于六个指示器PCB（iPCB），十二个共面二恶英样PCB（dlPCB）和17 2,3， 7,8-氯取代的PCDD / Fs。 iPCB的排放率与现有排放清单相符，而PCDD / F的排放量是瑞士国家排放清单估算值的五倍。瑞士dlPCBs的排放首次出现在这里。我们的研究还提供了持久性有机污染物的第一个按季节解析的排放率，这是通过我们的组合测量和建模方法确定的。这些发现突显了持久性有机污染物来源的重要性，即使在制定旨在减少或消除此类来源的法规几十年之后。

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来源
《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第1期|482-490|共9页
作者
Christian Bogdal; Claudia E. Mueller; Andreas M. Buser; Zhanyun Wang; Martin Scheringer; Andreas C. Gerecke; Peter Schmid; Markus Zennegg; Matthew MacLeod; Konrad Hungerbuehler;
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作者单位

Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, UEberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford 94305-4020, CA, USA;

Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, UEberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, UEberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, UEberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;

Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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机译：1972–2011年瑞典母乳中多氯二苯并对二恶英，二苯并呋喃和二恶英样多氯联苯的时间趋势

Emissions of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans during 2010 and 2011 in Zurich, Switzerland

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