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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Global Flows of Critical Metals Necessary for Low-Carbon Technologies: The Case of Neodymium, Cobalt, and Platinum
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Global Flows of Critical Metals Necessary for Low-Carbon Technologies: The Case of Neodymium, Cobalt, and Platinum

机译：低碳技术所需的关键金属的全球流动：钕，钴和铂的案例

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摘要

This study, encompassing 231 countries and regions, quantifies the global transfer of three critical metals (neodymium, cobalt, and platinum) considered vital for low-carbon technologies by means of material flow analysis (MFA), using trade data (BACI) and the metal contents of trade commodities, resolving the optimization problem to ensure the material balance of the metals within each country and region. The study shows that in 2005 international trade led to global flows of 18.6 kt of neodymium, 154 kt of cobalt, and 402 t of platinum and identifies the main commodities and top 50 bilateral trade links embodying these metals. To explore the issue of consumption efficiency, the flows were characterized according to the technological level of each country or region and divided into three types: green ("efficient use"), yellow ("moderately efficient use"), and red ("inefficient use"). On this basis, the shares of green, yellow, and red flows in the aggregate global flow of Nd were found to be 1.2%, 98%, and 1.2%, respectively. For Co, the respective figures are 53%, 28%, and 19%, and tor Pt 15%, 84%, and 0.87%. Furthermore, a simple indicator focusing on the composition of the three colored flows for each commodity was developed to identify trade commodities that should be prioritized for urgent technical improvement to reduce wasteful use of the metals. Based on the indicator, we discuss logical, strategic identification of the responsibilities and roles of the countries involved in the global flows.
机译：这项研究涵盖231个国家和地区，通过材料流量分析（MFA），使用贸易数据（BACI）和分析方法，量化了对低碳技术至关重要的三种关键金属（钕，钴和铂）的全球转移。商品中的金属含量，解决优化问题以确保每个国家和地区内金属的物质平衡。研究表明，2005年国际贸易导致了全球18.6 kt钕，154 kt钴和402 t铂的全球贸易量，并确定了体现这些金属的主要商品和前50个双边贸易联系。为了探讨消费效率问题，根据每个国家或地区的技术水平对流量进行了表征，分为三种类型：绿色（“有效使用”），黄色（“中等有效使用”）和红色（“无效使用”）。采用”）。在此基础上，发现绿色，黄色和红色流量在Nd的全球总流量中所占的比例分别为1.2％，98％和1.2％。对于Co，各自的数字分别为53％，28％和19％，tor Pt为15％，84％和0.87％。此外，还开发了一个简单的指标，重点关注每种商品的三种有色流的组成，以确定应优先处理的贸易商品，以进行紧急技术改进以减少金属的浪费。基于该指标，我们讨论了涉及全球流动的国家的责任和角色的逻辑，战略确定。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第3期|1391-1400|共10页
  • 作者

    Keisuke Nansai; Kenichi Nakajima; Shigemi Kagawa; Yasushi Kondo; Sangwon Suh; Yosuke Shigetomi; Yuko Oshita;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan;

    Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan;

    Faculty of Economics, Kyushu University, 6-19-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan;

    Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan;

    Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, 3422 Bren Hall, CA, USA;

    Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan,Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;

    Faculty of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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