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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Measuring Free, Conjugated, and Halogenated Estrogens in Secondary Treated Wastewater Effluent
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Measuring Free, Conjugated, and Halogenated Estrogens in Secondary Treated Wastewater Effluent

机译：测量二次处理废水中的游离，共轭和卤代雌激素

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摘要

Steroidal estrogens are potent endocrine-disrupting chemicals that enter natural waters through the discharge of treated and raw sewage. Because estrogens are detrimental to aquatic organisms at sub-nanogram per liter concentrations, many studies have measured so-called "free" estrogen concentrations in wastewater effluents, rivers, and lakes. Other forms of estrogens are also of potential concern because conjugated estrogens can be easily converted to potent free estrogens by bacteria in wastewater treatment plants and receiving waters and halogenated estrogens are likely produced during wastewater disinfection. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have concurrently characterized free, conjugated, and halogenated estrogens. We have developed a method that is capable of simultaneously quantifying free, conjugated, and halogenated estrogens in treated wastewater effluent, in which detection limits were 0.13-1.3 ng L~(-1) (free), 0.11-1.0 ng L~(-1) (conjugated), and 0.18-18 ng L~(-1) (halogenated). An aqueous phase additive, ammonium fluoride, was used to increase the electrospray (negative mode) ionization efficiency of free and halogenated estrogens by factors of 20 and 2.6, respectively. The method was validated using treated effluent from the greater Boston metropolitan area, where conjugated and halogenated estrogens made up 60-7096 of the steroidal estrogen load on a molar basis.
机译：甾体雌激素是有效的破坏内分泌的化学物质，通过排放经过处理的原始污水进入自然水域。由于雌激素对每升浓度低于纳毫的有害生物，许多研究已经测量了废水，河流和湖泊中所谓的“游离”雌激素浓度。其他形式的雌激素也可能引起关注，因为在废水处理厂中，细菌容易将共轭雌激素转化为有效的游离雌激素，在废水消毒过程中接受水和卤代雌激素的可能性很大。然而，就我们所知，没有研究同时表征游离，共轭和卤代雌激素。我们已经开发了一种能够同时定量处理后的废水中游离，共轭和卤化雌激素的方法，检测限为0.13-1.3 ng L〜（-1）（游离），0.11-1.0 ng L〜（- 1）（共轭）和0.18-18 ng L〜（-1）（卤代）。使用水相添加剂氟化铵将游离和卤代雌激素的电喷雾（负模）电离效率分别提高20倍和2.6倍。使用来自大波士顿地区的处理后的废水进行了验证，该方法的结合物和卤代雌激素的摩尔含量为甾体雌激素负荷的60-7096。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第5期|2569-2578|共10页
  • 作者

    David R. Griffith; Melissa C. Kido Soule; Hiroshi Matsufuji; Timothy I. Eglinton; Elizabeth B. Kujawinski; Philip M. Gschwend;

  • 作者单位

    MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick,ME 04011-8466;

    Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States;

    College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan;

    Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States Geological Institute, ETH-Zuerich, Zurich, Switzerland;

    Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States;

    Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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