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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Periodic Feedwater Reversal and Air Sparging As Antifouling Strategies in Reverse Electrodialysis
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Periodic Feedwater Reversal and Air Sparging As Antifouling Strategies in Reverse Electrodialysis

机译：定期给水逆转和空气喷射作为反电渗析中的防污策略

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摘要

Renewable energy can be generated using natural streams of seawater and river water in reverse electrodialysis (RED). The potential for electricity production of this technology is huge, but fouling of the membranes and the membrane stack reduces the potential for large scale applications. This research shows that, without any specific antifouling strategies, the power density decreases in the first 4 h of operation to 40% of the originally obtained power density. It slowly decreases further in the remaining 67 days of operation. Using antifouling strategies, a significantly higher power density can be maintained. Periodically switching the feedwaters (i.e., changing seawater for river water and vice versa) generates the highest power density in the first hours of operation, probably due to a removal of multivalent ions and organic foulants from the membrane when the electrical current reverses. In the long term, colloidal fouling is observed in the stack without treatment and the stack with periodic feedwater switching, and preferential channeling is observed in the latter. This decreases the power density further. This decrease in power density is partly reversible. Only a stack with periodic air sparging has a minimum of colloidal fouling, resulting in a higher power density in the long term. A combination of the discussed antifouling strategies, together with the use of monovalent selective membranes, is recommended to maintain a high power density in RED in short-term and long-term operations.
机译：在逆电渗析（RED）中使用天然的海水和河水流可以产生可再生能源。该技术的发电潜力巨大，但是膜和膜叠层的结垢减少了大规模应用的可能性。这项研究表明，在没有任何具体防污策略的情况下，在运行的最初4小时内，功率密度会降低至最初获得的功率密度的40％。在剩余的67天运行中，它进一步缓慢降低。使用防污策略，可以保持明显更高的功率密度。定期切换给水（即将海水换成河水，反之亦然）会在运行的最初几个小时产生最高的功率密度，这可能是由于电流反向时从膜上去除了多价离子和有机污垢所致。从长远来看，在未经处理的烟囱中观察到胶体结垢，并且在具有定期给水切换的烟囱中观察到胶体结垢，并且在后者中观察到优先的通道。这进一步降低了功率密度。功率密度的这种降低是部分可逆的。仅具有周期性鼓风的烟囱具有最小的胶体结垢，从长远来看会导致更高的功率密度。建议将讨论的防污策略与单价选择性膜结合使用，以在短期和长期运行中保持RED的高功率密度。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第5期|3065-3073|共9页
  • 作者

    David A. Vermaas; Damnearn Kunteng; Joost Veerman; Michel Saakes; Kitty Nijmeijer;

  • 作者单位

    Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands,Membrane Science & Technology, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands;

    REDstack B.V., Pieter Zeemanstraat 6, 8606 JR, Sneek, The Netherlands;

    REDstack B.V., Pieter Zeemanstraat 6, 8606 JR, Sneek, The Netherlands;

    Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands;

    Membrane Science & Technology, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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