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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Controls on the Valence Species of Arsenic in Tobacco Smoke: XANES Investigation with Implications for Health and Regulation
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Controls on the Valence Species of Arsenic in Tobacco Smoke: XANES Investigation with Implications for Health and Regulation

机译：烟气中砷的价态物质的控制：XANES调查对健康和法规的影响

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摘要

Arsenic (As) is one of four metals/metalloids in tobacco being considered for regulation. In vitro toxicological response to As varies substantially, determined primarily by valence and compound speciation, and inorganic arsenite (As(Ⅲ)) compounds are the most toxic to humans. This study uses X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) to determine valence states of As from the tobacco plant to the crucial combustion stage that creates respirable smoke. Samples studied include cultivated plants (some burdened with additional As), reference standards, and commercial products, along with smoke condensate and ash from these samples. The relative contributions of As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) to the XANES spectra are analyzed, and a consistent pattern of redox changes emerges. Tobacco leaf and manufactured products tend to be dominated by As(Ⅴ) whereas combustion produces respirable smoke invariably in As(Ⅲ) form and ash invariably as As(Ⅴ). The valence state of precursor tobacco is not a controlling factor because all the As mobilized in smoke is reduced during combustion. This study concludes that tobacco combustion exposes smokers to potentially the most toxic forms of arsenic, and this exposure is magnified in regions where arsenic is present in tobacco crops at relatively high concentrations.
机译：砷（As）是烟草中四种被监管的金属/准金属之一。体外对砷的毒理反应变化很大，这主要取决于化合价和化合物的形态，而无机砷（As（Ⅲ））化合物对人体的毒性最大。这项研究使用近边缘结构（XANES）的X射线吸收来确定从烟草厂到产生可吸入烟雾的关键燃烧阶段的As的价态。所研究的样品包括栽培植物（某些中含有额外的砷），参考标准品和商业产品，以及这些样品中的烟气冷凝物和灰分。分析了As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）对XANES光谱的相对贡献，并形成了一致的氧化还原变化规律。烟叶和制成品趋向于以As（Ⅴ）为主，而燃烧则总是以As（Ⅲ）形式产生可吸入的烟雾，而烟灰则总是以As（Ⅴ）形式产生。前体烟草的化合价状态不是控制因素，因为在燃烧过程中，烟雾中迁移的所有As均被减少。这项研究得出的结论是，烟草燃烧使吸烟者暴露于潜在的毒性最高的砷形式，而在烟草作物中砷含量相对较高的地区，这种暴露被放大。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第6期|3449-3456|共8页
  • 作者

    Robert C. J. Campbell; William E. Stephens; Adrian A. Finch; Kalotina Geraki;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, Irvine Building, North Street, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL, U.K.;

    Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, Irvine Building, North Street, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL, U.K.;

    Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, Irvine Building, North Street, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL, U.K.;

    Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, U.K;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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