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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Life Cycle Assessment of Domestic and Agricultural Rainwater Harvesting Systems
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Life Cycle Assessment of Domestic and Agricultural Rainwater Harvesting Systems

机译：家庭和农业雨水收集系统的生命周期评估

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摘要

To further understanding of the environmental implications of rainwater harvesting and its water savings potential relative to conventional U.S. water delivery infrastructure, we present a method to perform life cycle assessment of domestic rainwater harvesting (DRYVH) and agricultural rainwater harvesting (ARWH) systems. We also summarize the design aspects of DRWH and ARWH systems adapted to the Back Creek watershed, Virginia. The baseline design reveals that the pump and pumping electricity are the main components of DRWH and ARWH impacts. For nonpotable uses, the minimal design of DRWH (with shortened distribution distance and no pump) outperforms municipal drinking water in all environmental impact categories except ecotoxicity. The minimal design of ARWH outperforms well water in all impact categories. In terms of watershed sustainability, the two minimal designs reduced environmental impacts, from 58％ to 78％ energy use and 67％ to 88％ human health criteria pollutants, as well as avoiding up to 20％ blue water (surface/groundwater) losses, compared to municipal drinking water and well water. We address potential environmental and human health impacts of urban and rural RWH systems in the region. The Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES) model-based life cycle inventory data were used for this study.
机译：为了进一步了解雨水收集对环境的影响及其相对于常规美国输水基础设施的节水潜力，我们提出了一种方法来进行生活雨水收集（DRYVH）和农业雨水收集（ARWH）系统的生命周期评估。我们还总结了适应弗吉尼亚州Back Creek流域的DRWH和ARWH系统的设计方面。基线设计表明，泵送和抽水是DRWH和ARWH影响的主要组成部分。对于非饮用水用途，DRWH的最小设计（缩短的分配距离且没有泵）在所有环境影响类别中都优于市政饮用水，除了生态毒性。在所有影响类别中，ARWH的最小设计均优于井水。就流域的可持续性而言，这两种最小化的设计将对环境的影响从58％降低到78％，将人类健康标准的污染物从67％降低到88％，并且避免了多达20％的蓝色水（地表/地下水）损失，相比市政饮用水和井水。我们致力于解决该地区城市和农村RWH系统对环境和人类健康的潜在影响。本研究使用基于环境和经济可持续性建设（BEES）模型的生命周期清单数据。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第7期|4069-4077|共9页
  • 作者

    Santosh R. Ghimire; John M. Johnston; Wesley W. Ingwersen; Troy R. Hawkins;

  • 作者单位

    Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Postdoctoral Research Participant, Office of Research and Development, Ecosystems Research Division, 960 College Station Rd., Athens, Georgia 30605, United States;

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Ecosystems Research Division, 960 College Station Rd., Athens, Georgia 30605, United States;

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Sustainable Technology Division, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States;

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Sustainable Technology Division, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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