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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Drinking Water Criteria for Arsenic in High-Income, Low-Dose Countries: The Effect of Legislation on Public Health
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Drinking Water Criteria for Arsenic in High-Income, Low-Dose Countries: The Effect of Legislation on Public Health

机译：高收入，低剂量国家的砷饮用水标准：立法对公共卫生的影响

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摘要

Due to the potential health risks at very low concentrations, the criterion for arsenic in drinking water has been debated. High-income, low-dose countries are uniquely positioned to follow WHO's recommendation of keeping concentrations "as low as reasonably possible." In this policy analysis, 47646 arsenic analyses from Denmark are used to follow the effect of lowering the national criterion from 50 to 5 μg/L. The first 3 years (2002-2004) following the criterion change, 106 waterworks were identified as noncompliant. An additional 64 waterworks were identified as noncompliant in the next 12 years (2005-2016). Of the 106 waterworks initially (2002-2004) aware of the violation, an average concentration drop from 6 to 3 μg/L was observed during a 6 year period following a lag time of 1 year. After this point, no further improvements were observed. Thirteen years after regulation was imposed, 25 of 170 waterworks were still in violation. The results suggest that legislation alone is insufficient to ensure better drinking water quality at some waterworks and that stakeholders' drivers and barriers to change also play an important role. In an exploration of five legislation scenarios, this study showed that a criterion of 1 μg/L would require action by more than 500 Danish waterworks, with treatment costs from 0.06 to 0.70 €/m~3 These scenarios illustrate that it can be technically feasible and affordable to lower the arsenic criterion below 5 μg/L in low-dose, high-income countries. However, more information is needed to apply a cost-benefit model, and comparative studies from other counties are warranted.
机译：由于浓度非常低的潜在健康风险，借鉴了饮用水中砷的标准。高收入，低剂量国家独特地定位遵循谁是保持浓度的建议“尽可能低廉。”在该政策分析中，丹麦的47646砷分析用于遵循将国家标准从50〜5μg/升降低。在标准变化之后，前3年（2002-2004），106个水厂被确定为不合规。在未来12年（2005-2016）中，额外的64个水菜被确定为不合规。在最初（2002-2004）的106个水上，意识到违规行为，在滞后时间为1年后的6年期间，观察到平均浓度从6至3μg/ L.此后，未观察到进一步改进。规定后三年，170个水上工厂中的25个仍违反。结果表明，单独的立法不足以确保在一些水厂中更好地饮用水质量，利益相关者的司机和变革的障碍也起到重要作用。在探索五种立法情景中，这项研究表明，1μg/ L的标准需要500多个丹麦水厂的行动，治疗成本从0.06到0.70€/ m〜3这些情况说明它可以在技术上是可行的并且实惠地降低低剂量，高收入国家的5μg/ l低于5μg/ l的砷标准。但是，需要更多的信息来应用成本效益模型，并保证来自其他县的比较研究。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2021年第6期|3483-3493|共11页
  • 作者

    Loren Ramsay; Mette M. Petersen; Birgitte Hansen; Joerg Schullehner; Patrick van der Wens; Denitza Voutchkova; Søren M. Kristiansen;

  • 作者单位

    Research Center for Built Environment Energy Water and Climate VIA University College 8700 Horsens Denmark;

    Research Center for Built Environment Energy Water and Climate VIA University College 8700 Horsens Denmark Department of Geoscience Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus Denmark;

    Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland 8000 Aarhus Denmark;

    Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland 8000 Aarhus Denmark Department of Public Health Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus Denmark;

    Brabant Water 5223 MA Hertogenbosch The Netherlands;

    Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland 8000 Aarhus Denmark;

    Department of Geoscience Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus Denmark;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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