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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Population Normalization with Ammonium in Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: Application to Illicit Drug Monitoring
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Population Normalization with Ammonium in Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: Application to Illicit Drug Monitoring

机译：基于废水的流行病学中铵的人群归一化：在非法药物监测中的应用

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摘要

Fluctuations in ammonium (NH_4~+), measured as NH_4-N loads using an ion-selective electrode installed at the inlet of a sewage treatment plant, showed a distinctive pattern which was associated to weekly (i.e., commuters) and seasonal (i.e., holidays) fluctuations of the population. Moreover, population size estimates based on NH_4-N loads were lower compared to census data. Diurnal profiles of benzoylecgonine (BE) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-A9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) were shown to be strongly correlated to NH_4-N. Characteristic patterns, which reflect the prolonged nocturnal activity of people during the weekend, could be observed for BE, cocaine, and a major metabolite of MDMA (i.e., 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine). Additional 24 h composite samples were collected between February and September 2013. Per-capita loads (i.e., grams per day per 1000 inhabitants) were computed using census data and NH_4-N measurements. Normalization with NH_4-N did not modify the overall pattern, suggesting that the magnitude of fluctuations in the size of the population is negligible compared to those of illicit drug loads. Results show that fluctuations in the size of the population over longer periods of time or during major events can be monitored using NH_4-N loads: either using raw NH_4-N loads or population size estimates based on NH_4-N loads, if information about site-specific NH_4-N population equivalents is available.
机译：使用安装在污水处理厂入口处的离子选择电极测量的氨气（NH_4〜+）的波动为NH_4-N，显示出与每周（即通勤者）和季节性（即假期）人口的波动。此外，与人口普查数据相比，基于NH_4-N负荷的人口规模估算值要低。苯甲酰芽子碱（BE）和11-nor-9-羧基-A9-四氢大麻酚（THC-COOH）的日间分布与NH_4-N密切相关。可以观察到BE，可卡因和MDMA的主要代谢产物（即4-羟基-3-甲氧基甲基苯丙胺）的特征模式，反映了人们在周末的夜间活动。在2013年2月至2013年9月之间另外收集了24小时的复合样本。使用人口普查数据和NH_4-N测量值计算了人均负荷（即每1000居民每天的克数）。用NH_4-N进行归一化并没有改变总体格局，这表明与非法药物负荷相比，人口规模的波动幅度可忽略不计。结果表明，使用NH_4-N负荷可以监测较长时间段或主要事件期间的种群大小波动：如果使用原始NH_4-N负荷或基于NH_4-N负荷的种群估计值，则可以监控特定于NH_4-N的种群当量。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第14期|8162-8169|共8页
  • 作者

    Frederic Been; Luca Rossi; Christoph Ort; Serge Rudaz; Olivier Delemont; Pierre Esseiva;

  • 作者单位

    Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;

    Ecole Polytechnique Federate de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;

    Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

    School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;

    Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;

    Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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