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Perfluoroalkylated Substances in the Global Tropical and Subtropical Surface Oceans

机译：全球热带和亚热带表层海洋中的全氟烷基化物质

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摘要

In this study, perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) were analyzed in 92 surface seawater samples taken during the Malaspina 2010 expedition which covered all the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. Nine ionic PFASs including C6-C10 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), C4 and C6-C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and two neutral precursors perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (PFASAs), were identified and quantified. The Atlantic Ocean presented the broader range in concentrations of total PFASs (131-10900 pg/L, median 645 pg/L, n = 45) compared to the other oceanic basins, probably due to a better spatial coverage. Total concentrations in the Pacific ranged from 344 to 2500 pg/ L (median = 527 pg/L, n = 27) and in the Indian Ocean from 176 to 1976 pg/L (median = 329, n = 18). Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was the most abundant compound, accounting for 33% of the total PFASs globally, followed by perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA, 22%) and perfluoroheranoic acid (PFHxA, 12%), being the rest of the individual congeners under 10% of total PFASs, even for perfluorooctane carboxylic acid (PFOA, 6%). PFASAs accounted for less than 1% of the total PFASs concentration. This study reports the ubiquitous occurrence of PFCAs, PFSAs, and PFASAs in the global ocean, being the first attempt, to our knowledge, to show a comprehensive assessment in surface water samples collected in a single oceanic expedition covering tropical and subtropical oceans. The potential factors affecting their distribution patterns were assessed including the distance to coastal regions, oceanic subtropical gyres, currents and biogeochemical processes. Field evidence of biogeochemical controls on the occurrence of PFASs was tentatively assessed considering environmental variables (solar radiation, temperature, chlorophyll a concentrations among others), and these showed significant correlations with some PFASs, but explaining small to moderate percentages of variability. This suggests that a number of physical and biogeochemical processes collectively drive the oceanic occurrence and fate of PFASs in a complex manner.
机译：在这项研究中，对全氟烷基化物质（PFAS）进行了分析，该样本来自于2010年马拉帕西纳河探险期间采集的92个地表海水样本，该样本涵盖了所有热带和亚热带大西洋，太平洋和印度洋。鉴定并定量了九种离子型PFAS，包括C6-C10全氟烷基羧酸（PFCA），C4和C6-C8全氟烷基磺酸（PFSA）和两种中性前体全氟烷基磺酰胺（PFASA）。与其他海洋盆地相比，大西洋呈现出的全氟辛烷磺酸总浓度范围更广（131-10900 pg / L，中位数645 pg / L，n = 45），这可能是由于更好的空间覆盖率所致。太平洋地区的总浓度为344至2500 pg / L（中位数为527 pg / L，n = 27），印度洋的总浓度为176至1976 pg / L（中值为329，n = 18）。全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）是最丰富的化合物，占全球PFAS总量的33％，其次是全氟癸酸（PFDA，22％）和全氟壬酸（PFHxA，12％），是所有10岁以下的同类婴儿的其余部分占全氟辛烷磺酸的百分比，即使是全氟辛烷羧酸（PFOA，6％）。 PFASA占PFAS总浓度的不到1％。这项研究报告了全球海洋中普遍存在的PFCA，PFSA和PFASA，据我们所知，这是对涵盖热带和亚热带海洋的一次海洋考察中收集的地表水样品进行全面评估的首次尝试。评估了影响其分布方式的潜在因素，包括到沿海地区的距离，海洋亚热带环流，洋流和生物地球化学过程。初步评估了考虑环境变量（太阳辐射，温度，叶绿素a浓度等）的生物地球化学控制PFAS发生的证据，这些证据与某些PFAS有显着相关性，但解释了小至中等百分比的可变性。这表明，许多物理和生物地球化学过程以复杂的方式共同推动了PFAS的海洋发生和命运。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第22期|13076-13084|共9页
  • 作者

    Belen Gonzalez-Gaya; Jordi Dachs; Jose L. Roscales; Gemma Caballero; Begona Jimenez;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain,Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain;

    Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain;

    Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;

    Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain;

    Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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