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Inhibition and Biotransformation Potential of Veterinary Ionophore Antibiotics under Different Redox Conditions

机译：不同氧化还原条件下兽用离子载体抗生素的抑制和生物转化潜力

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摘要

Veterinary ionophore antibiotics (IPAs) are polyether compounds used extensively in the livestock industry to promote animal growth and prevent coccidia infection. However, the environmental fete and impact of IPAs are not fully understood. In this study, the inhibition and biotransformation potential of the most commonly used IPAs, monensin (MON) and salinomycin (SAL), were investigated under well-defined aerobic, nitrate-reducing, fermentative/sulfate-reducing, and fermentative/methanogenic conditions. Batch assays were conducted with mixed cultures developed from poultry litter (PL), PL-fertilized soil, and municipal anaerobic sludge. Significant transformation of MON and SAL was observed in aerobic, low-buffer capacity culture series as a result of abiotic acid-catalyzed IPAs hydrolysis induced by nitrification. Biotrans- formation of IPAs was the main transformation process in aerobic, high-buffer capacity culture series. MON persisted under fermentative/sulfate-reducing conditions, whereas SAL was transformed by fermentative bacteria. Both MON and SAL were stable under nitrate-reducing and methanogenic conditions. At IPAs concentrations up to 1 mg/L, MON inhibited only methanogenesis, whereas SAL did not impact any of the biological processes investigated in this study. Multiple, new primary IPA biotransformation products were observed on LC/MS, and their molecular structures were tentatively identified by analyzing LC/MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Overall, MON and SAL exhibited different inhibition and biotransformation patterns at each redox condition tested, which could greatly influence their fate and impact upon their release into the environment as a result of agricultural activities.
机译：兽用离子载体抗生素（IPA）是聚醚化合物，广泛用于畜牧业，以促进动物生长和预防球虫感染。但是，人们尚未完全了解《近期行动计划》的环境影响和影响。在这项研究中，在明确定义的好氧，硝酸盐还原，发酵/硫酸盐还原和发酵/甲烷生成条件下，研究了最常用的IPA莫能菌素（MON）和盐霉素（SAL）的抑制和生物转化潜力。批次分析是利用从家禽垃圾（PL），PL施肥的土壤和市政厌氧污泥开发的混合培养物进行的。在有氧，低缓冲能力的培养系列中观察到MON和SAL的显着转化，这是由于硝化诱导的非生物酸催化IPAs水解的结果。 IPA的生物转化是有氧，高缓冲能力培养系列中的主要转化过程。 MON在发酵/硫酸盐还原条件下持续存在，而SAL被发酵细菌转化。 MON和SAL在硝酸盐还原和产甲烷条件下均稳定。在IPA浓度高达1 mg / L时，MON仅抑制甲烷生成，而SAL不会影响本研究中研究的任何生物学过程。在LC / MS上观察到多种新的主要IPA生物转化产物，并通过分析LC / MS / MS碎片图谱初步鉴定了它们的分子结构。总体而言，MON和SAL在每个测试的氧化还原条件下均表现出不同的抑制和生物转化模式，这可能极大地影响其命运，并因农业活动而影响其向环境中的释放。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第22期|13146-13154|共9页
  • 作者

    Peizhe Sun; Ching-Hua Huang; Spyros G. Pavlostathis;

  • 作者单位

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States;

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States;

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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