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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Acute Health Risk from Irregular Intermittent Air Pollution Sources: Challenges of Definition
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Acute Health Risk from Irregular Intermittent Air Pollution Sources: Challenges of Definition

机译：来自不规则间歇性空气污染源的急性健康风险：定义的挑战

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摘要

Normally, the main end point of risk assessment for a plant is a risk map. It serves to establish the exclusion zone for territories with an unacceptable hazard. The map is pointwise, but the decision on the acceptability of the hazard is not: it involves the entire situation "plant + surrounding territory". The transition from pointwise values to a decision aggregated over territory poses no problem for constant pollution sources, but, in our opinion, it does for acute risk from intermittent sources. There is an additional degree of freedom related to randomness of intermittent emissions, so that the usual definition of acute individual risk based on the yearly maxima of hourly pollutant concentrations seems incomplete. Decisions on acceptability of risk depend on how we combine the aggregation in time of random emissions and the aggregation in space of exposed territories. Acceptability is usually defined from the worst point on a risk map: we first seek to identify the maximum risk in time for each point, and then maximize it over territory. In this approach, rare emissions may present no hazard because each point, considered individually, would have a low chance of being hit by an emission. However, if, alternatively, we first look at the entire spatial risk pattern around the plant at the moments of emission, the chance that it contains some inadmissible points would be much higher. This expresses a mathematical feet: maxima in time and space, being nonlinear functions, do not commute, and we have to decide what to do first. No first principle compels us to proceed this or that way, so both are, in principle, acceptable, but they can give dissimilar results.
机译：通常，工厂风险评估的主要终点是风险图。它可以为危险不可接受的地区建立禁区。该地图是有针对性的，但是对危害的可接受性的决定不是：涉及整个情况“工厂+周围地区”。从点对点值到在区域范围内汇总的决策的过渡对于持续的污染源而言没有问题，但在我们看来，这对于间歇性源头的急性风险确实没有问题。还有一个与间歇性排放的随机性有关的自由度，因此基于每小时污染物浓度的年度最大值的急性个人风险的通常定义似乎是不完整的。风险可接受性的决定取决于我们如何结合随机排放时间的汇总和暴露区域空间的汇总。可接受性通常是从风险图上的最坏点定义的：我们首先设法及时确定每个点的最大风险，然后在整个区域将其最大化。在这种方法中，稀有气体排放不会造成危害，因为每个点（单独考虑）受到碰撞的可能性很小。但是，或者，如果我们首先观察排放时植物周围的整个空间风险模式，则该工厂包含一些不可接受的点的机会会更高。这表示了数学上的依据：时间和空间的最大值是非线性函数，不上下班，我们必须先决定要做什么。没有第一条原则会强迫我们以这种方式进行，所以原则上都可以接受，但是它们可以给出不同的结果。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2014年第24期|14070-14071|共2页
  • 作者

    Boris Balter; Marina Faminskaya;

  • 作者单位

    Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia;

    Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia,Russian State Social University, Moscow 129226, Russia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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