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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Persistence of Chironomids in Metal Polluted Andean High Altitude Streams: Does Melanin Play a Role?
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Persistence of Chironomids in Metal Polluted Andean High Altitude Streams: Does Melanin Play a Role?

机译：金属污染的安第斯山脉高海拔河流中的手足类动物的持久性：黑色素是否起作用？

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摘要

In high altitude Andean streams an intense solar radiation and coinciding metal pollution allow the persistence of only a few specialized taxa, including chironomids. The aim of the present study was therefore to determine the mechanisms underlying the persistence of chironomids under these multiple stress conditions, hypothesizing that melanin counteracts both the adverse effects of solar radiation and of metals. Melanin was determined in chironomids from reference and metal polluted streams at 3000 and 4000 m altitude, being 2-fold higher at 4000 m compared to 3000 m, and 2-fold higher in polluted streams than in reference streams at both altitudes. The field observations were experimentally verified by assessing the combined effects of Cu and UV-B on the survival and melanin concentration in larvae of the model species Chironomus riparius (Chironomidae, Diptera). In laboratory exposures, the highest melanin concentrations were found in larvae surviving toxic Cu concentrations, but not in those exposed to the highest UV-B radiation. Pre-exposure to UV-B decreased the sensitivity of the larvae to UV-B and to Cu+UV-B. It is concluded that in the field, melanin may protect chironomids partially against both elevated metal concentrations and solar radiation, allowing them to persist under the harshest conditions in high altitude streams.
机译：在高海拔的安第斯山脉溪流中，强烈的太阳辐射和重合的金属污染使得只有少数专业类群得以生存，其中包括天龙座。因此，本研究的目的是确定在这些多重胁迫条件下手足动物的持久性的潜在机制，并假设黑色素能抵消太阳辐射和金属的不利影响。在3000和4000 m高度的参考和金属污染流中，在chironomids中确定了黑色素，在4000 m处，黑色素在3000 m和4000 m处比在两个高度处的参考流高两倍。通过评估Cu和UV-B对模型物种Chironomus riparius（Chironomidae，Diptera）幼虫的存活和黑色素浓度的综合影响，通过实验验证了现场观察。在实验室暴露中，在有毒铜浓度下存活的幼虫中发现了最高的黑色素浓度，但在暴露于最高UV-B辐射的幼虫中却没有发现。预先暴露于UV-B会降低幼虫对UV-B和Cu + UV-B的敏感性。结论是，在野外，黑色素可以部分保护轮虫免受金属浓度的升高和日光辐射的影响，从而使它们能够在最恶劣的条件下在高海拔河流中生存。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2013年第1期|601-607|共7页
  • 作者

    Raul A. Loayza-Muro; Jenny K. Marticorena-Ruiz; Edwin J. Palomino; Camille Merritt; Milo L. De Baat; Maarten Van Gemert; Rudo A Verweij; Michiel H. S. Kraak; Wim Admiraal;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, P.O. Box 4314, Lima 31, Peru,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam. Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

    Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, P.O. Box 4314, Lima 31, Peru;

    Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Universidad National 'Santiago Antunez de Mayolo', Av. Centenario 200, Huaraz, Peru;

    Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam. Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

    Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam. Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

    Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam. Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

    Department of Animal Ecology, Institute of Ecological Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

    Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam. Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

    Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam. Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

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