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Variability of Pesticide Dissipation Half-Lives in Plants

机译：植物中农药耗散半衰期的变异性

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摘要

Information on dissipation kinetics of pesticides in food crops and other plants is a key aspect in current risk and impact assessment practice. This is because human exposure to pesticides is predominantly caused by residues in agricultural crops grown for human and animal consumption. However, modeling dissipation of pesticides in plants is highly uncertain and therefore strongly relies on experimental data. Unfortunately,available information on pesticide dissipation in plants from experimentalstudies only covers a small fraction of possible combinations of substances authorized for use on food and fodder crops. Additionally, aspects and processes influencing dissipation kinetics are still not fully understood. Therefore,we systematically reviewed 811 scientific literature sources providing 4513 dissipation half-lives of 346 pesticides measured in 183 plant species. We focused on the variability across substances, plant species and harvested plant components and finally discuss different substance, plant and environmental aspects influencing pesticide dissipation. Measured half-lives in harvested plant materials range from around 1 hour for pyrethrins in leaves of tomato and pepper fruit to 918 days for pyriproxyfen in pepper fruits under cold storage conditions. Ninety-five percent of all half-lives fell within the range between 0.6 and 29 days. Our results emphasize that future experiments are required to analyze pesticide-plant species combinations that have so far not been covered and that are relevant for human exposure. In addition, prediction models would help to assess all possible pesticide-plant species combinations in the context of comparative studies. The combination of both would finally reduce uncertainty and improve assumptions in current risk and impact assessment practice.
机译：有关粮食作物和其他植物中农药消散动力学的信息是当前风险和影响评估实践中的关键方面。这是因为人类接触农药的主要原因是人类和动物食用的农作物中残留的农药。但是，对农药在植物中的耗散进行建模的不确定性很高，因此在很大程度上依赖于实验数据。不幸的是，从实验研究中获得的有关植物中农药消散的可用信息仅涵盖了授权用于食品和饲料作物的物质可能组合的一小部分。另外，影响耗散动力学的方面和过程仍未完全理解。因此，我们系统地回顾了811种科学文献资料，它们提供了183种植物中346种农药的4513耗散半衰期。我们着眼于物质，植物物种和收获的植物成分之间的变异性，最后讨论了影响农药耗散的不同物质，植物和环境方面。在冷藏条件下，收获的植物材料中测得的半衰期范围从番茄和胡椒果实中的除虫菊酯在1小时左右到胡椒果实中的吡虫草芬在918天左右。所有半衰期的百分之九十五落入0.6至29天的范围内。我们的结果强调，需要进行未来的实验来分析迄今尚未涵盖且与人类接触有关的农药-植物物种组合。此外，在比较研究的背景下，预测模型将有助于评估所有可能的农药-植物物种组合。两者的结合将最终减少不确定性并改善当前风险和影响评估实践中的假设。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2013年第8期|3548-3562|共15页
  • 作者

    Peter Fantke; Ronnie Juraske;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 426, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;

    Institute of Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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