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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Estimating Virtual Nitrogen Inputs to Integrated U.S. Corn Ethanol and Animal Food Systems
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Estimating Virtual Nitrogen Inputs to Integrated U.S. Corn Ethanol and Animal Food Systems

机译：估算综合美国玉米乙醇和动物食品系统的虚拟氮气输入

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摘要

To accurately assess contributions of human activities to nitrogen (N) cycle disruption, we must consider how systems such as food and renewable fuel production are connected. N impacts of food and biofuel systems have been studied separately, but links between them have not been sufficiently considered. Since 2002, corn ethanol production in the United States has increased sixfold, and ethanol coproducts' roles in animal diets have increased similarly. In this study, we estimated virtual N in ethanol fuel and animal products using the commodity-specific Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs (CSNANI) model, which uses national corn ethanol, crop, and animal production data to estimate animal diets and the corresponding virtual N inputs to agricultural commodities. Virtual N attributable to ethanol fuel was 30 to 35 g N per liter of ethanol. As ethanol coproduct inclusion in animal diets increased from 1997 to 2012, N per kilogram of beef protein decreased by 19% and N per kilogram of milk protein decreased by 13%. With allocation of virtual N between ethanol and ethanol feed coproducts, the virtual N of both ethanol fuel and products from animals consuming ethanol coproducts is reduced relative to estimates from studies that do not consider the connection between these systems.
机译：为了准确评估人类活动对氮气（n）循环中断的贡献，我们必须考虑如何连接食物和可再生燃料生产等系统。已经分开研究了食物和生物燃料系统的影响，但它们之间的联系未得到充分考虑。自2002年以来，美国的玉米乙醇产量增加了六倍，动物饮食中的乙醇族的作用同样增加。在这项研究中，我们利用商品特异性净人为氮素投入（Csnani）模型来估计乙醇燃料和动物产品的虚拟N，该模型使用国家玉米乙醇，作物和动物生产数据来估算动物饮食和相应的虚拟N个输入农产品。可归因于乙醇燃料的虚拟N为每升乙醇30至35克。由于乙醇副产物在1997年至2012年增加动物饮食中，每公斤牛肉蛋白为N克牛肉蛋白减少了19％，每公斤牛奶蛋白的牛肉蛋白减少了13％。通过在乙醇和乙醇饲料副产物之间分配虚拟N，相对于来自这些系统之间的研究的研究，乙醇燃料和来自动物消耗的动物的产品的虚拟N减小。

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