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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Insights on Geochemical, Isotopic, and Volumetric Compositions of Produced Water from Hydraulically Fractured Williston Basin Oil Wells
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Insights on Geochemical, Isotopic, and Volumetric Compositions of Produced Water from Hydraulically Fractured Williston Basin Oil Wells

机译：从液压骨折炔烃盆井生产的地球化学，同位素和体积组成的见解

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摘要

Tracing produced water origins from wells hydrauli- cally fractured with freshwater-based fluids is sometimes predicated on assumptions that (1) each geological formation contains compositionally unique brine and (2) produced water from recently hydraulically fractured wells resembles fresher meteoric water more so than produced water from older wells. These assumptions are not valid in Williston Basin oil wells sampled in this study. Although distinct average ~(228)Ra/~(226)Ra ratios were found in water produced from the Bakken and Three Forks Formations, average δ~2H, δ~(18)O, specific gravity, and conductivity were similar but exhibited significant variability across five oil fields within each formation. Furthermore, initial produced water ("flowback") was operationally defined based on the presence of glycol ether compounds and water from wells that had produced ＜56% of the amount of fluids injected and sampled within 160 days of fracturing. Flowback unexpectedly exhibited higher temperature, specific gravity, conductivity, δ~2H, and δ~(18)O, but lower oxidation-reduction potential and δ~(11)B, relative to the wells thought to be producing formation brines (from wells with a produced-to-injected water ratio [PIWR] ＞ 0.84 and sampled more than 316 days after fracturing). As such, establishing an overall geochemical and isotopic signature of produced water compositions based solely on chemical similarity to meteoric water and formation without the consideration of well treatments, well completion depth, or lateral location across the basin could be misleading if these signatures are assumed to be applicable across the entire basin. These findings have implications for using produced water compositions to understand the interbasin fluid flow and trace sources of hydraulic fracturing fluids.
机译：追踪产生的水从井中的井下裂隙与淡水的流体有时会在假设（1）每个地质地层含有组成独特的盐水和（2）从最近的液压骨折井中产生的水，而不是产生的更新陨石。来自旧井的水。这些假设在本研究中的威斯顿盆地油井中无效。虽然不同的平均〜（228）Ra /〜（226）RA比在由Bakken和三叉形成的水中发现，但平均δ〜2h，δ〜（18）O，比重和导电性相似，但表现出显着每种形成内的五个油田的可变性。此外，初始产生的水（“回流”）基于甘醇醚化合物和来自孔的孔的存在，所述孔产生<56％的井中的孔，所述孔中注入并在150天内在裂缝的160天内取样。流量意外地表现出较高的温度，比重，电导率，δ〜2h和δ〜（18）O，但较低的氧化还原电位和δ〜（11）B，相对于井被认为是生产地层盐水（来自井用产生的水比[PIWR]> 0.84> 0.84并在压裂后超过316天取样）。因此，在不考虑井处理的情况下，仅基于化学相似性的生产水组合物的整体地球化学和同位素特征，而不考虑井处理，如果假设这些签名，盆地上的井完井深度或横向位置可能是误导性的适用于整个盆地。这些发现对使用产生的水组合物来了解液压压裂液的跨跨液流体流动和痕量来源的影响。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2021年第14期|10025-10034|共10页
  • 作者

    Tanya J. Gallegos; Colin Doolan; Rodney Caldwell; Mark A. Engle; Matthew Varonka; Justin Birdwell; Glenn Jolly; Tyler B. Coplen; Thomas Oliver;

  • 作者单位

    Geology Energy and Minerals Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Reston Virginia 20192 United States;

    Geology Energy and Minerals Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Reston Virginia 20192 United States;

    Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center US. Geological Survey Helena Montana 59601 United States;

    Geology Energy and Minerals Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Reston Virginia 20192 United States The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas 79968 United States;

    Geology Energy and Minerals Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Reston Virginia 20192 United States;

    U.S. Geological Survey Denver Colorado 80225 United States;

    Geology Energy and Minerals Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Reston Virginia 20192 United States U.S. Geological Survey Water Mission Area Reston Virginia 20192 United States;

    Reston Stable Isotope Lab U.S. Geological Survey Reston Virginia 20192 United States;

    U.S. Geological Survey Denver Colorado 80225 United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    produced water; oil wells; hydraulic fracturing; produced-to-injected water ratio; PIWR; geochemical tracers; isotopes; radium; unconventional oil; Williston Basin; Bakken; Three Forks;

    机译：生产的水;油井;水力压裂;产生的水比;Piwr;地球化学示踪剂;同位素;镭;非传统石油;威利斯顿盆地;Bakken;三叉;

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