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Quantification of Phosphorus Transport from a Karstic Agricultural Watershed to Emerging Spring Water

机译：从岩溶农业流域到新兴泉水的磷迁移定量

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摘要

The degree to which waters in a given watershed will be affected by nutrient export can be defined as that watershed's nutrient vulnerability. This study applied concepts of specific phosphorus (P) vulnerability to develop intrinsic groundwater vulnerability risk assessments in a 32 km~2 karst watershed (spring zone of contribution) in a relatively intensive agricultural landscape. To explain why emergent spring water was below an ecological impairment threshold, concepts of P attenuation potential were investigated along the nutrient transfer continuum based on soil P buffering, depth to bedrock, and retention within the aquifer. Surface karst features, such as enclosed depressions, were reclassified based on P attenuation potential in soil at the base. New techniques of high temporal resolution monitoring of P loads in the emergent spring made it possible to estimate P transfer pathways and retention within the aquifer and indicated small-medium fissure flows to be the dominant pathway, delivering 52-90% of P loads during storm events. Annual total P delivery to the main emerging spring was 92.7 and 138.4 kg total P (and 52.4 and 91.3 kg as total reactive P) for two monitored years, respectively. A revised groundwater vulnerability assessment was used to produce a specific P vulnerability map that used the soil and hydrogeological P buffering potential of the watershed as key assumptions in moderating P export to the emergent spring. Using this map and soil P data, the definition of critical source areas in karst landscapes was demonstrated.
机译：给定流域中的水域受养分输出的影响程度可以定义为该流域的养分脆弱性。这项研究运用特定磷（P）脆弱性的概念，在相对密集的农业景观中，在32 km〜2喀斯特流域（贡献的春季区域）开发了固有的地下水脆弱性风险评估。为了解释为什么涌现的泉水低于生态损害阈值，我们根据土壤中磷的缓冲作用，基岩的深度和在含水层中的保留量，沿着养分传递连续性研究了磷衰减潜力的概念。地表喀斯特地貌特征，例如封闭的洼地，是根据基层土壤中磷的衰减潜能重新分类的。对涌出的春季中P负荷进行高时间分辨率监视的新技术使得估算P的转移途径和在含水层中的滞留性成为可能，并指出中裂缝流是主要途径，在暴风雨期间提供52-90％的P负荷事件。在两个监测年中，每年向主要新兴春季的总磷输送量分别为92.7和138.4千克总磷（反应性总磷为52.4和91.3千克）。修改后的地下水脆弱性评估被用来制作一个特定的P脆弱性图，该图利用流域的土壤和水文地质学中的P缓冲潜力作为缓和P向新兴泉水出口的关键假设。使用该图和土壤P数据，论证了喀斯特景观中关键源区的定义。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2013年第12期|6111-6119|共9页
  • 作者

    Per-Erik Mellander; Philip Jordan; Alice R. Melland; Paul N. C. Murphy; David P. Wall; Sarah Mechan; Robert Meehan; Coran Kelly; Oliver Shine; Ger Shortle;

  • 作者单位

    Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, County Wexford, Ireland;

    School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland;

    Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, County Wexford, Ireland;

    Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, County Wexford, Ireland;

    Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, County Wexford, Ireland;

    Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, County Wexford, Ireland;

    Talamh Consulting, Navan, County Meath, Ireland;

    Tobin & Co. Ltd., Block 10-4, Blanchardstown Corporate Park, Dublin 15, Ireland;

    Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, County Wexford, Ireland;

    Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, County Wexford, Ireland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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