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Drivers of Surface Ocean Mercury Concentrations and Air-Sea Exchange in the West Atlantic Ocean

机译：西大西洋海洋表层汞浓度和海气交换的驱动因素

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摘要

Accurately characterizing net evasion of elemental mercury (Hg~0) from marine systems is essential for understanding the global biogeochemical mercury (Hg) cycle and the pool of divalent Hg (Hg~(11)) available for methylation. Few high resolution measurements of Hg~0 are presently available for constraining global and regional flux estimates and for understanding drivers of spatial and temporal variability in evasion. We simultaneously measured high-resolution atmospheric and surface seawater Hg~0 concentrations as well as the total Hg distribution during six cruises in the West Atlantic Ocean between 2008 and 2010 and examined environmental factors affecting net Hg~0 formation and evasion. We observed the lowest fraction of Hg as Hg° (7.8 ± 2.4%) in the near-coastal and shelf areas that are influenced by riverine inputs. Significantly higher %Hg~0 observed in open ocean areas (15.8 ± 3.9%) may reflect lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in offshore environments, which is known to affect both the reducible Hg~(11) pool and redox kinetics. Calculated Hg~0 evasion changed by more than a factor of 3 between cruises (range: 2.1 ± 0.7 to 6.8 ± 5.1 ng m~(-2) h~(-1)), driven mainly by variability in Hg° and wind speed. Our results suggest that further mechanistic understanding of the role of DOC on Hg redox kinetics in different types of marine environments is needed to explain variability in Hg~0 concentrations and improve global estimates of air-sea exchange.
机译：准确表征海洋系统中元素汞（Hg〜0）的净逸出对于理解全球生物地球化学汞（Hg）循环和可用于甲基化的二价Hg（Hg〜（11））库至关重要。目前，很少有Hg〜0的高分辨率测量可用于约束全球和区域通量估算值以及了解逃避中时空变化的驱动因素。我们同时测量了高分辨率大气和地面海水中的Hg〜0浓度以及2008年至2010年在西大西洋的六次航行中的总Hg分布，并研究了影响净Hg〜0形成和逃逸的环境因素。我们观察到在受河流输入影响的近岸和陆架地区，汞的最低含量为Hg°（7.8±2.4％）。在开放海域观察到的较高的％Hg〜0（15.8±3.9％）可能反映了近海环境中溶解的有机碳（DOC）降低，已知这会影响可还原的Hg〜（11）库和氧化还原动力学。在巡航之间，计算出的Hg〜0逸出量变化超过3倍（范围：2.1±0.7至6.8±5.1 ng m〜（-2）h〜（-1）），主要受Hg°和风速变化的影响。我们的结果表明，需要进一步的机械理解DOC在不同类型海洋环境中对汞氧化还原动力学的作用，以解释Hg〜0浓度的变化并改善全球海气交换的估计。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2013年第14期|7757-7765|共9页
  • 作者

    Anne L. Soerensen; Robert P. Mason; Prentiss H. Balcom; Elsie M. Sunderland;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States,School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States;

    Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States;

    Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States;

    Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States,School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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