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Bioenergy Potential of the United States Constrained by Satellite Observations of Existing Productivity

机译：受现有生产力的卫星观测制约的美国生物能源潜力

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摘要

United States (US.) energy policy includes an expectation that bioenergy will be a substantial future energy source. In particular, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) aims to increase annual US. biofuel (secondary bioenergy) production by more than 3-fold, from 40 to 136 billion liters ethanol, which implies an even larger increase in biomass demand (primary energy), from roughly 2.9 to 7.4 EJ yr~(-1). However, our understanding of many of the factors used to establish such energy targets is far from complete, introducing significgant uncertainty into the feasibility of current estimates of bioenergy potential. Here, we utilized satellite-derived net primary productivity (NPP) data-measured for every 1 km2 of the 7.2 million km2 of vegetated land in the conterminous U.S.-to estimate primary bioenergy potential (PBP). Our results indicate that PBP of the conterminous US. ranges from roughly 5.9 to 22.2 EJ yr~(-1), depending on land use The low end of this range represents the potential when harvesting residues only, while the high end would require an annual biomass harvest over an area more than three times current US. agricultural extent While EISA energy targets are theoretically achievable, we show that meeting these targets utilizing current technology would require either an 80% displacement of current crop harvest or the conversion of 60% of rangeland productivity. Accordingly, realistically constrained estimates of bioenergy potential are critical for effective incorporation of bioenergy into the national energy portfolio.
机译：美国的能源政策包括对生物能源将成为未来大量能源的期望。特别是，《 2007年能源独立与安全法》（EISA）旨在提高美国的年度使用量。生物燃料（二次生物能源）的产量增加了三倍多，从40到1,360亿升乙醇，这意味着生物质需求（一次能源）的增长甚至更大，从大约2.9 EJ yr〜（-1）。但是，我们对用于建立此类能源目标的许多因素的理解还远远不够，这给当前生物能源潜力估算的可行性带来了极大的不确定性。在这里，我们利用卫星衍生的净初级生产力（NPP）数据进行了测量，该数据是针对美国本土720万平方公里植被中的每1平方公里测量的，以估算初级生物能源潜力（PBP）。我们的结果表明，美国本土的PBP。范围从大约5.9到22.2 EJ yr〜（-1），取决于土地用途。该范围的低端代表仅收获残渣时的潜力，而高端则需要在超过当前三倍的面积上进行年度生物量收获我们。农业规模尽管理论上可以实现EISA的能源目标，但我们表明，使用现有技术实现这些目标将需要当前作物收成的80％位移或牧场生产力的60％转换。因此，对生物能源潜力的实际限制估计对于有效地将生物能源纳入国家能源组合至关重要。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第6期|p.3536-3544|共9页
  • 作者

    W. Kolby Smith; Cory C. Cleveland; Sasha C. Reed; Norman L. Miller; Steven W. Running;

  • 作者单位

    Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States;

    Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States;

    U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, 2290 S.W. Resource Boulevard, Moab, Utah 84532, United States;

    Department of Geography, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States;

    Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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