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Public Health, Climate, and Economic Impacts of Desulfurizing Jet Fuel

机译:喷气燃料脱硫的公共健康,气候和经济影响

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摘要

In jurisdictions including the US and the EU ground transportation and marine fuels have recently been required to contain lower concentrations of sulfur, which has resulted in reduced atmospheric SO_x emissions. In contrast, the maximum sulfur content of aviation fuel has remained unchanged at 3000 ppm (although sulfur levels average 600 ppm in practice). We assess the costs and benefits of a potential ultra-low sulfur (IS ppm) jet fuel standard ("ULSJ"). We estimate that global implementation of ULSJ will cost US$1-4bn per year and prevent 900-4000 air quality-related premature mortalities per year. Radiative forcing associated with reduction in atmospheric sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium loading is estimated at +3.4 Mw/m2 (equivalent to about 1/10th of the warming due to CO_2 emissions from aviation) and ULSJ increases life cycle CO, emissions bv approximately 2%. The public health benefits are dominated by the reduction in cruise SO, emissions, so a key uncertainty is the atmospheric modeling of vertical transport of pollution from cruise altitudes to the ground. Comparisons of modeled and measured vertical profiles of CO, PAN, O_3, and ~7Be indicate that this uncertainty is low relative to uncertainties regarding the value of statistical life and the toxicity of fine particulate matter.
机译:最近,在包括美国和欧盟在内的司法管辖区,陆上运输和海洋燃料都要求包含较低浓度的硫,这导致大气SO_x排放量减少。相反,航空燃料的最大硫含量保持在3000 ppm不变(尽管实际上硫含量平均为600 ppm)。我们评估潜在的超低硫(IS ppm)喷气燃料标准(“ ULSJ”)的成本和收益。我们估计,全球实施ULSJ每年将耗资14亿美元,并防止每年900-4000例与空气质量相关的过早死亡。与减少大气中硫酸盐,硝酸盐和铵的含量相关的辐射强迫估计为+3.4 Mw / m2(相当于由于航空产生的CO_2排放导致的变暖的大约1/10),ULSJ增加了生命周期的CO,排放量约为2 %。公共健康的好处主要是减少了航行中的SO和排放,因此一个关键的不确定因素是从航行高度到地面的垂直污染传播的大气模型。对CO,PAN,O_3和〜7Be的垂直剖面的建模和测量结果的比较表明,相对于统计寿命值和细颗粒物质毒性的不确定性而言,该不确定性较低。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第8期|p.4275-4282|共8页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States;

    Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States;

    Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States;

    Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.;

    Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Institute of Transport Economics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany;

    Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States;

    Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States;

    Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,United States;

    School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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