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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Mutagenicity of Diesel Engine Exhaust Is Eliminated in the Gas Phase by an Oxidation Catalyst but Only Slightly Reduced in the Particle Phase
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Mutagenicity of Diesel Engine Exhaust Is Eliminated in the Gas Phase by an Oxidation Catalyst but Only Slightly Reduced in the Particle Phase

机译：柴油机排气的致突变性被氧化催化剂消除，但仅在颗粒相中被降低

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Concerns about adverse health effects of diesel engine emissions prompted strong efforts to minimize this hazard,including exhaust treatment by diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC).The effectiveness of such measures is usually assessed by the analysis of the legally regulated exhaust components.In recent years additional analytical and toxicologies! tests were included in the test panel with the aim to fill possible analytical gaps,for example,mutagenic potency of polycyclk aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their nitrated derivatives (nPAH). This investigation focuses on the effect of a DOC on health hazards from combustion of four different fuels: rapeseed methyl ester (RME),common mineral diesel fuel (DF),SHELL V-Power Diesel (V-Power),and ARAL Ultimate Diesel containing 5% RME (B5ULT).We applied the European Stationary Cycle (ESC) to a 6.4 L turbcKharged heavy load engine fulflling the EURO III standard.The engine was operated with and without DOC Besides regulated emissions we measured particle size and number distributions,determined the soluble and solid fractions of the particles and characterized the bacterial mutagenicity in the gas phase and the particles of the exhaust.The effectiveness of the DOC differed strongly in regard to the different exhaust constituents: Total hydrocarbons were reduced up to 90% and carbon monoxide up to 98%, whereas nitrogen oxides (NO_X) remained almost unaffected. Total particle mass (TPM) was reduced by 50% with DOC in common petrol diesel fuel and by 30% in the other fuels. This effect was mainly due to a reduction of the soluble organic particle fraction. The DOC caused an increase of the water-soluble fraction in the exhaust of RME, V-Power, and B5ULT, as well as a pronounced increase of nitrate in all exhausts. A high proportion of ultranne particles (10-30 nm) in RME exhaust could be ascribed to vaporizable particles. Mutagenicity of the exhaust was low compared to previous investigations. The DOC reduced mutagenic effects most effectively in the gas phase. Mutagenicity of particle extracts was less efficiently diminished. No significant differences of mutagenic effects were observed among the tested fuels. In conclusion, the benefits of the DOC concern regulated emissions except NO_X as well as nonregulated emissions such as the mutagenicity of the exhaust The reduction of mutagenicity was particularly observed in the condensates of the gas phase. This is probably due to better accessibility of gaseous mutagenic compounds during the passage of the DOC in contrast to the particle-bound mutagens. Concerning the paniculate emissions DOC especially decreased ultranne particles.
机译：对柴油机排放有害健康的担忧促使人们努力降低危害，包括通过柴油氧化催化剂（DOC）进行废气处理。通常通过对法律规定的废气成分进行分析来评估此类措施的有效性。分析和毒理学！测试包括在测试小组中，目的是填补可能的分析空白，例如多环芳烃（PAH）及其硝化衍生物（nPAH）的诱变效力。这项研究的重点是DOC对四种燃料燃烧产生的健康危害的影响：菜籽甲酯（RME），普通矿物柴油（DF），SHELL V-Power柴油（V-Power）和ARAL Ultimate Diesel 5％RME（B5ULT）。我们将欧洲固定循环（ESC）应用于满足EURO III标准的6.4 L涡轮增压哈格德重载发动机。该发动机在有无DOC的情况下运行除规定的排放量外，我们还测量了粒径和数量分布DOC的有效性在不同的废气成分方面有很大的不同：总碳氢化合物最多减少了90％，一氧化碳减少了，这是颗粒的可溶性和固体部分，并表征了气相和排气颗粒的细菌致突变性。高达98％，而氮氧化物（NO_X）几乎不受影响。普通汽油柴油中的DOC使总颗粒质量（TPM）降低了50％，其他燃料中的总颗粒质量（TPM）降低了30％。该效果主要是由于可溶性有机颗粒分数的减少。 DOC导致RME，V-Power和B5ULT排气中水溶性分数的增加，以及所有排气中硝酸盐的显着增加。 RME排气中高比例的超细颗粒（10-30 nm）可能归因于可蒸发颗粒。与以前的研究相比，排气的致突变性很低。 DOC在气相中最有效地减少了诱变作用。颗粒提取物的致突变性不太有效地降低。在测试的燃料之间没有观察到诱变作用的显着差异。综上所述，DOC的好处涉及除NO_X以外的规定排放以及非规定排放，例如废气的致突变性。在气相冷凝物中特别观察到致突变性的降低。与颗粒结合的诱变剂相比，这可能是由于在DOC通过期间气态诱变化合物具有更好的可及性。关于颗粒排放，DOC特别是减少了超细颗粒。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第11期|p.6417-6424|共8页
  • 作者

    Goetz A.Westphal; Juergen Krahl; Axel Munack; Yvonne Ruschel; Olaf Schroeder; Ernst Hallier; Thomas Bruening; juergen Buenger;

  • 作者单位

    Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance-Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA),Buerkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1,44789 Bochum,Germany;

    Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts,Friedrich-Streib-Strasse 2,96450 Coburg,Germany;

    Institute for Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering,Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute (vTI),Bundesallee 50,38116 Braunschweig,Germany;

    Institute for Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering,Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute (vTI),Bundesallee 50,38116 Braunschweig,Germany;

    Institute for Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering,Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute (vTI),Bundesallee 50,38116 Braunschweig,Germany;

    Institute of Occupational,Social,and Environmental Medicine,Georg-August-University Goettingen,Waldweg 37,37073 Goettingen,Germany;

    Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance-Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA),Buerkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1,44789 Bochum,Germany;

    Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance-Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA),Buerkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1,44789 Bochum,Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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