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Mycotoxins in the Environment: II. Occurrence and Origin in Swiss River Waters

机译：环境中的霉菌毒素：II。在瑞士河水域的发生与起源

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摘要

Thirty-three different mycotoxins were surveyed over nearly two years in a typical Swiss wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), as well as in Swiss midland rivers. Out of these, 3-acetyl-deoxynivaIenol, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and beauvericin (BEA), were detected. DON was quantified in all WWTP effluent grab samples with a maximum concentration of 73.4 ng/L, while the lowest concentration was observed for BEA with 1.3 ng/L. NIV was detected in about 37%, the other three compounds in 9-36% of the weekly or fortnightly integrated flow proportional river water samples. Concentrations were river discharge dependent, with higher numbers in smaller rivers, but mostly in the very low ng/L-range, with a maximum of 24.1, and 19.0 ng/L for NIV and DON, respectively. While NIV and DON prevailed in summer and autumn, BEA occurred mostly during winter. Summer and autumn seasonal load fractions were, however, not correlating with other river basin parameters indicative of the probably most obvious seasonal input source, that is, Fusarium graminearum infected wheat crop areas. Nevertheless, together with WWTP effluents, these two sources largely explained the loads of mycotoxins quantified in river waters. The ecotoxicological relevance of mycotoxins as newly identified aquatic micropollutants has yet to be assessed.
机译：在近两年的时间里，在典型的瑞士废水处理厂（WWTP）以及瑞士中部河流中对33种不同的霉菌毒素进行了调查。其中，检测到3-乙酰基-脱氧雪茄烯醇，脱氧雪茄烯醇（DON），雪茄烯醇（NIV）和博韦霉素（BEA）。在所有污水处理厂废水抓斗样品中，DON的最高浓度为73.4 ng / L，而BEA的最低浓度为1.3 ng / L。在每周或每两周综合流量成比例的河水样本中，约有37％的人检测到NIV，其他9种至36％的化合物被检测到。浓度取决于河流排放量，在较小的河流中浓度较高，但大多在非常低的ng / L范围内，最高NIV和DON分别为24.1和19.0 ng / L。尽管NIV和DON在夏季和秋季盛行，但BEA大多发生在冬季。但是，夏季和秋季的季节负荷分数与表明可能是最明显的季节性输入源（即禾谷镰孢镰刀菌感染的小麦作物面积）的其他流域参数不相关。但是，这两个来源与污水处理厂的废水一起很大程度上解释了河水中定量的霉菌毒素含量。霉菌毒素作为新近鉴定的水生微污染物的生态毒理学相关性尚待评估。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第24期|13076-13084|共9页
  • 作者

    Judith Schenzel; Konrad Hungerbuhler; Thomas D. Bucheli;

  • 作者单位

    Agroscope Reckenholz-Tanikon, Research Station ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering;

    Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

    Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering;

    Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

    Agroscope Reckenholz-Tanikon, Research Station ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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