To the Nth Degree

Darcy J. Gentleman

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To the Nth Degree

机译：到第N度

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The trivalency and liberal oxidation states of nitrogen (N) make it a reactive element, shot through all of chemistry. While its next lightest (carbon [C]) and heaviest (oxygen [O]) siblings may steal the limelight in biological and terrestrial chemistries, none of us carbon-based water-loving organisms would have a leg (or flagellum) to stand on without N. Even the dawn of synthetic organic chemistry came with an N-containing species (urea or diamznomethanal [CO{NH_2)2l). Biochemistry has evolved to exploit the massive reservoir of "nonreactive" atmospheric N_2 into "reactive" N_R species: from highly water-soluble inorganic salts (including ammonium [NH4~+], nitrate [NO_3~-], and nitrite (NO_2~-D to the many occurrences in organic species, most prevalently as protein-forming amino acids and colloquially lauded in vitamins (vital amines).

机译：氮（N）的三价和自由氧化态使其成为反应性元素，贯穿所有化学过程。虽然其下一个最轻的（碳[C]）和最重的（氧[O]）兄弟姐妹可能在生物和陆地化学中成为众人瞩目的焦点，但我们当中没有一个碳基的嗜水生物会站起来（或鞭毛）。甚至没有合成有机化学的曙光也伴随着一种含氮的物种（尿素或苯甲酰甲烷[CO {NH_2）2l]。生物化学已经进化为将巨大的“非反应性”大气N_2储集层开发为“反应性” N_R物种：从高度水溶性的无机盐（包括铵[NH4〜+]，硝酸盐[NO_3〜-]和亚硝酸盐（NO_2〜- D是有机物种中的许多种，最常见的是形成蛋白质的氨基酸，并在口头上被称赞为维生素（重要胺）。

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《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2011年第3期|p.838|共1页
作者
Darcy J. Gentleman;
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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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To the Nth Degree

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