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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Effects of Pesticides Monitored with Three Sampling Methods in 24 Sites on Macroinvertebrates and Microorganisms
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Effects of Pesticides Monitored with Three Sampling Methods in 24 Sites on Macroinvertebrates and Microorganisms

机译：三种采样方法监测农药在24个地点对大型无脊椎动物和微生物的影响

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摘要

ABSTRACT: Grab water samples, sediment samples, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane passive samplers (TRIMPS) were used to determine the exposure to 97 pesticides in 24 southeast Australian stream sites over 5 months. Macroinvertebrate communities and selected microorganisms (bacteria, flagellates, ciliates, amoebas, nematodes, and gastrotrichs) were sampled to detect relationships with pesticide toxicity. Sediment samples had the highest estimated toxicities in terms of toxic units (TU) for Daphnia magna (TU_(DM)) and for Selenastrum capriamutum (TU_(SC)).The pesticide-selective SPEAR_(pesticides) and the general SIGNAL index for macroinvertebrates exhibited negative linear relationships (r = 0.67 and 0.36, respectively) with pesticide contamination in terms of log maximum TU_(DM) (log mTU_(DM)), suggesting macroinvertebrate community change due to pesticide exposure. Pesticide contamination was the only measured variable explaining variation in ecological quality. Variation in the densities of several microbial groups was best explained by environmental variables other than log TUs. The log mTU_(DM) values derived from sediment concentrations were most important to establish a link with effects on macroinvertebrates, whereas log mTU_(DM) of grab water samples had only minor contribution. Current-use insecticides and fungicides can affect macroinvertebrate communities and monitoring of sediment and continuous water sampling is needed to detect these effects.
机译：摘要：利用水样，沉积物样品和2,2,4-三甲基戊烷无源采样器（TRIMPS）测定了澳大利亚东南部24个溪流站点在5个月内暴露于97种农药的情况。对大型无脊椎动物群落和选定的微生物（细菌，鞭毛，纤毛虫，变形虫，线虫和胃食虫）进行采样，以检测与农药毒性的关系。沉积物样品对大型蚤（Da_nia magna）（TU_（DM））和癸酸硒（Selenastrum capriamutum）（TU_（SC））的毒性单位（TU）最高，对农药的选择性SPEAR_（pesticides）和大无脊椎动物的一般SIGNAL指数在最大对数TU_（DM）（log mTU_（DM））方面，与农药污染呈负线性关系（分别为r = 0.67和0.36），这表明由于暴露于农药而导致大型无脊椎动物群落变化。农药污染是唯一可以解释生态质量变化的变量。几个微生物组的密度变化最好用log TUs以外的环境变量来解释。从沉积物浓度得出的log mTU_（DM）值对于建立与大型无脊椎动物的影响最重要，而抓水样品的log mTU_（DM）贡献很小。当前使用的杀虫剂和杀真菌剂会影响大型无脊椎动物群落，需要监测沉积物和连续取样以检测这些影响。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2011年第4期|p.1665-1672|共8页
  • 作者

    Ralf B. Schaefer; Vincent Pettigrove; Gavin Rose; Graeme Allinson; Adam Wightwick; Peter C. von der Ohe; Jeff Shimeta; Ralph Kiihne; Ben J. Kefford;

  • 作者单位

    Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora Vic 3083, Australia,Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Forststrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany;

    CAPIM, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Remington Road, Parkville Vic 3010, Australia,Melbourne Water, Research and Technology, P.O. Box 4342, Melbourne Vic 3001, Australia;

    Department of Primary Industries, Future Farming Systems Research, 621 Sneydes Road, Werribee Vic 3030, Australia;

    CAPIM, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Remington Road, Parkville Vic 3010, Australia,Department of Primary Industries, Future Farming Systems Research, 2a Beilarine Highway, Queenscliff Vic 3225, Australia;

    Department of Primary Industries, Future Farming Systems Research, 2a Beilarine Highway, Queenscliff Vic 3225, Australia;

    Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoser Strasse 15,04318 Leipzig, Germany;

    Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora Vic 3083, Australia;

    Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoser Strasse 15,04318 Leipzig, Germany;

    Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora Vic 3083, Australia,Centre for Environmental Sustainability, Department of Environmental Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123,Broadway NSW 2007, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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