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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Assessing Exposure to Transformation Products of Soil-Applied Organic Contaminants in Surface Water: Comparison of Model Predictions and Field Data
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Assessing Exposure to Transformation Products of Soil-Applied Organic Contaminants in Surface Water: Comparison of Model Predictions and Field Data

机译：评估地表水中土壤有机污染物转化产物的暴露量：模型预测与田间数据的比较

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摘要

Transformation products (TPs) of chemicals released to soil, for example, pesticides, are regularly detected in surface and groundwater with some TPs even dominating observed pesticide levels. Given the large number of TPs ' potentially formed in the environment, straightforward prior-itization methods based on available data and simple, evaluative models are required to identify TPs with a high aquatic exposure potential. While different such methods exist, none of them has so far been systematically evaluated against field data. Using a dynamic multimedia, multispecies model for TP prioritization, we compared the predicted relative surface water exposure potential of pesticides and their TPs with experimental data for 16 pesticides and 46 TPs measured in a small river draining a Swiss agricultural catchment. Twenty TPs were determined quantitatively using solid-phase extraction liquid chromatogra-phy mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS), whereas the re- maining 26 TPs could only be detected qualitatively because of the lack of analytical reference standards. Accordingly, the two sets of TPs were used for quantitative and qualitative model evaluation, respectively. Quantitative comparison of predicted with measured surface water exposure ratios for 20 pairs of TPs and parent pesticides indicated agreement within a factor of 10, except for chloridazon-desphenyl and chloridazon-methyl- desphenyl. The latter two TPs were found to be present in elevated concentrations during baseflow conditions and in groundwater samples across Switzerland, pointing toward high concentrations in exfiltrating groundwater. A simple leaching relationship was shown to qualitatively agree with the observed baseflow concentrations and to thus be useful in identifying TPs for which the simple prioritization model might underestimate actual surface water concentrations. Application of the model to the 26 qualitatively analyzed TPs showed that most of those TPs categorized as exhibiting a high aquatic exposure potential could be confirmed to be present in the majority of water samples investigated. On the basis of these results, we propose a generally applicable, model-based approach to identify those TPs of soil-applied organic contaminants that exhibit a high aquatic exposure potential to prioritize them for higher-tier, experimental investigations.
机译：经常在地表和地下水中检测到释放到土壤中的化学物质（例如农药）的转化产物（TP），其中一些TP甚至占据了观察到的农药含量。鉴于在环境中可能形成大量的TP，因此需要基于可用数据和简单的评估模型的直接优先化方法来识别具有高水生暴露潜力的TP。尽管存在不同的此类方法，但迄今为止尚未针对野外数据对它们进行系统地评估。我们使用动态多媒体，多物种模型对TP进行优先排序，将预测的农药及其TP的相对地表水暴露潜力与在一条瑞士农业流域的一条小河中测得的16种农药和46 TP的实验数据进行了比较。使用固相萃取液相色谱质谱法（SPE-LC-MS / MS）定量测定了20种TP，而由于缺乏分析参考标准，只能定性检测出其余26种TP。因此，两组TP分别用于定量和定性模型评估。对20对TP和母体杀虫剂的预计和实测地表水暴露比率进行定量比较，结果表明，除氯达宗-去苯基和氯达宗-甲基-去苯基外，一致性在10倍以内。发现后两个总磷在基流条件下以及整个瑞士的地下水样本中都以较高的浓度存在，这表明渗滤液中的高浓度。结果表明，简单的淋洗关系与观察到的底流浓度在质量上是一致的，因此可用于识别TP，而简单的优先排序模型可能会低估实际地表水的浓度。该模型在26个定性分析的TPs中的应用表明，大多数被分类为具有高水生暴露潜能的TPs可以确定存在于大多数调查的水样本中。基于这些结果，我们提出了一种基于模型的通用方法，用于确定土壤中有机污染物的TPs，这些TPs具有较高的水生暴露潜力，因此可以将其优先用于更高级别的实验研究。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2011年第7期|p.2833-2841|共9页
  • 作者

    Susanne Kern; Heinz Singer; Juliane Hollender; Rene P. Schwarzenbach; Kathrin Fenner;

  • 作者单位

    Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Diibendorf, Switzerland,Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;

    Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Diibendorf, Switzerland;

    Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Diibendorf, Switzerland;

    Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;

    Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Diibendorf, Switzerland,Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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