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Heterogeneity of Coarse Particles in an Urban Area

机译：市区粗粒的异质性

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摘要

The variation in composition and concentration of coarse particles in Rochester, a medium-sized city in western New York, was studied using UNC passive samplers and computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM). The samplers were deployed in a 5 X 5 grid (2 Ion X 2 km per grid cell) for2-3week periods in two seasons (September 2008 and May 2009) at 25 different sites across Rochester. CCSEM analysis yielded size and elemental composition for individual particles and analyzed more than 800 coarse particles per sample. Based on the composition as reflected in the fluoresced X-ray spectrum, the particles were grouped into classes with similar chemical compositions using an adaptive resonance theory (ART) network. The mass fractions of particles in the identified classes were then used to assess the homogeneity of composition and concentration across the measurement domain. These results illustrate how particle sampling using the UNC passive sampler coupled with CCSEM/ART can be used to determine the concentration and source ot the coarse parbcuiate matter at multiple sites. The particle compositions were dominated by elements suggesting that the major particle sources are road dust and biological particles. Considerable heterogeneity in both composition and concentration were observed between adjacent sites as indicated by cofficient of divergence analyses.
机译：使用UNC被动采样器和计算机控制的扫描电子显微镜（CCSEM），研究了纽约西部中型城市罗切斯特市粗颗粒的成分和浓度变化。在两个季节（2008年9月和2009年5月）在Rochester的25个不同地点，将采样器部署在5 X 5网格（每个网格单元2离子X 2 km）中，持续2-3周。 CCSEM分析得出单个颗粒的大小和元素组成，每个样品分析了800多个粗颗粒。基于荧光X射线光谱中反映的成分，使用自适应共振理论（ART）网络将粒子分为具有相似化学成分的类别。然后，将所确定类别中的颗粒质量分数用于评估整个测量域中组成和浓度的均匀性。这些结果说明了如何使用UNC被动采样器结合CCSEM / ART进行颗粒采样，以确定在多个位置的粗微粒物质的浓度和来源。颗粒成分以元素为主，表明主要的颗粒来源是道路灰尘和生物颗粒。如发散分析的能力所表明的，在相邻位点之间观察到在组成和浓度上均存在相当大的异质性。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2011年第8期|p.3238-3296|共59页
  • 作者

    Uma Ramesh K. Lagudu; Suresh Raja; Philip K. Hopke; David C. Chalupa; Mark J. Utell; Gary Casuccio; Traci L. Lersch; Roger R. West;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Air Resource Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States;

    Center for Air Resource Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States;

    Center for Air Resource Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States;

    Departments of Medicine and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States;

    Departments of Medicine and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States;

    RJ Lee Group, Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146, United States;

    RJ Lee Group, Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146, United States;

    RJ Lee Group, Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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