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Remanufacturing and Energy Savings

机译：再制造和节能

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摘要

Remanufactured products that can substitute for new products are generally claimed to save energy. These claims are made from studies that look mainly at the differences in materials production and manufacturing. However, when the use phase is included, the situation can change radically. In this Article, 25 case studies for eight different product categories were studied, including: (l) furniture, (2) clothing, (3) computers, (4) electric motors, (5) tires, (6) appliances, (7) engines, and (8) toner cartridges. For most of these products, the use phase energy dominates that for materials production and manufacturing combined. As a result, small changes in use phase efficiency can overwhelm the claimed savings from materials production and manufacturing. These use phase energy changes are primarily due to efficiency improvements in new products, and efficiency degradation in remanufactured products. For those products with no, or an unchanging, use phase energy requirement, remanufacturing can save energy. For the 25 cases, we found that 8 cases clearly saved energy, 6 did not, and 11 were too close to call. In some cases, we could examine how the energy savings potential of remanufacturing has changed over time. Specifically, during times of significant improvements in energy efficiency, remanufacturing would often not save energy. A general design trend seems to be to add power to a previously unpowered product, and then to improve on the energy efficiency of the product over time. These trends tend to undermine the energy savings potential of remanufacturing.
机译：通常声称可以替代新产品的再制造产品可以节省能源。这些主张是根据主要研究材料生产和制造差异的研究得出的。但是，当包括使用阶段时，情况可能会发生根本变化。在本文中，针对八个不同的产品类别进行了25个案例研究，包括：（l）家具，（2）服装，（3）电脑，（4）电动机，（5）轮胎，（6）电器，（7） ）引擎和（8）碳粉盒。对于这些产品中的大多数，使用阶段的能源在材料生产和制造相结合的能源中占主导地位。结果，使用阶段效率的微小变化可能使材料生产和制造所节省的成本无法承受。这些使用阶段能量的变化主要归因于新产品效率的提高，以及再制造产品效率的下降。对于那些没有或不变使用相能量的产品，重新制造可以节省能量。对于这25个案例，我们发现有8个案例明显节省了能源，有6个案例没有节省能源，还有11个案例太接近了。在某些情况下，我们可以检查再制造的节能潜力如何随时间变化。具体来说，在能源效率显着提高的时期，再制造通常不会节省能源。一般的设计趋势似乎是在以前没有动力的产品上增加功率，然后随着时间的推移提高产品的能源效率。这些趋势倾向于破坏再制造的节能潜力。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2011年第10期|p.4540-4547|共8页
  • 作者

    Timothy G. Gutowski; Sahil Sahni; Avid Boustani; Stephen C. Graves;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Mechanical Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States;

    Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,SIoan School of Management,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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