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Long-Term Environmental Fate of Perfluorinated Compounds after Accidental Release at Toronto Airport

机译：多伦多机场意外释放后全氟化合物的长期环境命运

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摘要

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; a perfluorinated compound or PFC), its salts, and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride have recently been listed in Annex B of the Stockholm Convention due to their widespread presence, persistence, and toxicity. Because of the persistent nature of PFCs, it is generally presumed that the impact of direct discharges of these chemicals on a receiving environment would be long-lasting. However, long-term environmental fate studies based on field measurements are rare. We examined spatial and long-term (9 year) temporal trends of PFCs in water, sediment, fish, and fish liver collected in 2003,2006, and 2009 from 10 locations spanning ~20 km in Etobicoke and Spring Creeks, where an accidental release of fire fighting foam containing PFOS from nearby Toronto International Airport occurred in 2000. Even a decade after the spill, sediment PFOS concentrations are still elevated in Spring Creek Pond which received the foam discharge; however, the major impact is relatively localized likely due to the stonnwater management nature of the pond and the diluting effect of Etobicoke Creek. Fish and fish liver PFOS concentrations at a Spring Creek location downstream of Spring Creek Pond declined by about 70 and 85%, respectively, between 2003 and 2009. PFOS in water at locations further downstream in Etobicoke Creek have declined by >99.99% since the spill; however, the 2009 water and fish levels were ~2-10 times higher than upstream locations likely due to the long-term impact of the spill as well as urbanization. The decrease in the upstream PFOS concentrations likely reflects the reduction of PFOS sources due to phased out production by 3M and regulations on the use of PFOS in fire fighting foams. Field-based sediment/water distribution coefficients (KD) and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were calculated from environmental measurements. Log KD values were 0.54-1.6S for perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs) and 1.00-1.85 for perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs). Log BAFfish, ranged from 1.85 to 3.24 for PFASs and 0.88-3.47 for PFCAs, whereas log BAFfish liver, ranged from 2.1 -4.3 for PFASs and 1.0-5.0 for PFCAs.
机译：全氟辛烷磺酸盐（PFOS；全氟化合物或PFC），其盐以及全氟辛烷磺酰氟由于其广泛存在，持久性和毒性而最近被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》附件B。由于PFC的持久性，通常认为这些化学物质的直接排放对接收环境的影响将是持久的。但是，基于现场测量的长期环境归宿研究很少。我们研究了2003、2006和2009年从怡陶碧谷和斯普林克里克跨越20公里的10个地点收集的水，沉积物，鱼和鱼肝中PFC的空间和长期（9年）时间趋势。在2000年，发生了来自附近的多伦多国际机场的含PFOS的灭火泡沫。即使在泄漏事故发生十年后，在接受泡沫排放的Spring Creek Pond中，沉积物中的PFOS浓度仍然升高。但是，主要的影响可能是相对局部的，这可能是由于池塘的水质管理性质和怡陶碧谷溪的稀释作用所致。 2003年至2009年之间，Spring Creek池塘下游的Spring Creek地点的鱼和鱼肝PFOS浓度分别下降了约70％和85％。怡保碧谷溪下游更下游的水中的PFOS自泄漏以来已下降了> 99.99％ ;然而，由于溢油和城市化的长期影响，2009年的水和鱼类水平比上游地区高约2-10倍。上游全氟辛烷磺酸浓度的降低可能反映了由于3M逐步淘汰生产以及有关在灭火泡沫中使用全氟辛烷磺酸的规定，全氟辛烷磺酸的来源减少了。根据环境测量结果计算出基于田野的沉积物/水分配系数（KD）和生物蓄积系数（BAF）。对于全氟烷基磺酸盐（PFAS），Log KD值为0.54-1.6S；对于全氟羧酸盐（PFCA），Log KD值为1.00-1.85。对数BAFfish，对PFAS的范围为1.85至3.24，对PFCA为0.88-3.47，而对数BAFfish肝脏，对PFAS的范围为2.1 -4.3，对PFCA为1.0-5.0。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2011年第19期|p.8081-8089|共9页
  • 作者

    Emily Awad; Xianming Zhang; Satyendra P. Bhavsar; Steve Petro; Patrick W. Crozier; Eric J. Reiner; Rachael Fletcher; Sheryl A. Tittlemier; Eric Braekevelt;

  • 作者单位

    Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9P 3V6;

    Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9P 3V6,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E8;

    Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9P 3V6;

    Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9P 3V6;

    Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9P 3V6,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E8;

    Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9P 3V6;

    Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0L2;

    Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0L2;

    Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0L2;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
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