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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Is Indirect Exposure a Significant Contributor to the Burden of Perfluorinated Acids Observed in Humans?
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Is Indirect Exposure a Significant Contributor to the Burden of Perfluorinated Acids Observed in Humans?

机译：间接暴露是否是人类观察到的全氟酸负担的重要因素？

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摘要

In comparison to other persistent organic pollutants, human fluorochemical contamination is relatively complicated This complication arises at least in part from a disparity between the chemicals used commercially and those measured in the environment and humans. Commercial fluorochemical products are dominated by fluorinated polymers used in textile or carpet applications, or fluor-osurfactants used in applications ranging from personal care products, leveling and wetting agents, to greaseproofing food-contact materials. Investigations into environmental and human fluorochemical contamination have focused on perfluorinated acids (PFAs), either the perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) or sulfonates (PFSAs). In this review we will present an overview of data related to human fluorochemical exposure including a discussion of fluorochemical production, concentrations in exposure media, biotransformation processes producing PFAs, and trends in human sera. These data will be presented in the context of how they can inform sources of human PFA contamination, specifically whether the contamination results from direct PFA exposure or indirect exposure via the biotransformation of commercial fluorochemicals or their residuals. Concentrations of both perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) began to decrease in human sera around the year 2000, a change that mirrored the 2000—2002 phase-out of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (POSF) production. These temporal trends suggest exposure to current-use POSF-based materials was a significant source of PFOA and PFOS exposure prior to 2000. Relatively slow PFOA elimination and increasing concentrations of the C9 and C10 PFCAs in human sera suggest continued PFCA exposure, without similar exposure to PFOS, which is consistent with indirect exposure via the biotransformation of fluorotelomer-based materials. Conversely, human exposure models have suggested direct exposure to PFAs present in food items is the major source of human contamination. The data set presented here cannot unequivocally delineate between direct and indirect human exposure, however temporal trends in human sera and exposure media are consistent with indirect exposure representing a significant portion of observed human PFA contamination.
机译：与其他持久性有机污染物相比，人的氟化物污染相对复杂。这种复杂性至少部分是由于商业上使用的化学物质与环境和人类所测量的化学物质之间存在差异。商业含氟化合物产品主要用于纺织品或地毯应用中的氟化聚合物，或用于从个人护理产品，流平剂和湿润剂到防油脂食品接触材料等应用中的含氟表面活性剂。对环境和人类氟化物污染的研究主要集中在全氟酸（PFA），即全氟羧酸盐（PFCA）或磺酸盐（PFSA）。在这篇综述中，我们将概述与人类氟化物暴露有关的数据，包括对氟化物生产，暴露介质中的浓度，产生PFA的生物转化过程以及人类血清趋势的讨论。这些数据将在它们如何告知人类PFA污染来源的背景下提供，特别是该污染是直接暴露于PFA还是通过商业含氟化合物的生物转化或它们的残留物的间接暴露导致的。 2000年前后，人血清中全氟辛烷磺酸盐（PFOS）和全氟辛酸酯（PFOA）的浓度开始下降，这一变化反映了2000-2002年逐步淘汰全氟辛烷磺酰氟（POSF）的生产。这些时间趋势表明，在2000年之前，暴露于当前使用的基于POSF的材料是PFOA和PFOS暴露的重要来源。相对缓慢的PFOA消除和人类血清中C9和C10 PFCA的浓度增加表明，持续的PFCA暴露，没有相似的暴露PFOS，这与基于含氟调聚物的材料的生物转化间接暴露是一致的。相反，人类接触模型表明，直接接触食品中存在的PFA是人类污染的主要来源。此处提供的数据集不能明确区分人类直接和间接暴露之间的关系，但是人类血清和暴露介质的时间趋势与间接暴露相符，间接暴露代表了观察到的人类PFA污染的很大一部分。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2011年第19期|p.7974-7984|共11页
  • 作者

    Jessica C. Deon; Scott A Mabury;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada;

    Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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