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Quantitative Measurement of Direct Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Microalgae Cultivation

机译：定量测量微藻培养产生的直接一氧化二氮排放

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摘要

Although numerous lifecyde assessments (LCA) of microalgae-based biohiels have suggested net reductions of greenhouse gas emissions, limited experimental data exist on direct emissions from microalgae cultivation systems. For example, nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that has been detected from microalgae cultivation. However, little quantitative experimental data exist on direct N2O emissions from microalgae cultivation, which has inhibited LCA performed to date. In this study, microalgae species Nannochloropsis salina was cultivated with diurnal light-dark cycling using a nitrate nitrogen source. Gaseous N,O emissions were quantitatively measured using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Under a nitrogen head-space (photobioreactor simulation), the reactors exhibited elevated N2O emissions during dark periods, and reduced N2O emissions during light periods. Under air headspace conditions (open pond simulation), N2O emissions were negligible during both light and dark periods. Results show that N2O production was induced by anoxic conditions when nitrate was present, suggesting that N2O was produced by denitrifying bacteria within the culture. The presence of denitrifying bacteria was verified through PCR-based detection of norB genes and antibiotic treatments, the latter of which substantially reduced N2O emissions. Application of these results to LCA and strategies for growth management to reduce N2O emissions are discussed.
机译：尽管许多基于微藻类生物的生命周期评估（LCA）提出了温室气体排放量的净减少量，但是关于微藻类栽培系统直接排放量的实验数据仍然有限。例如，一氧化二氮（N2O）是一种有效的温室气体，已从微藻培养中检测到。但是，关于微藻培养产生的直接N2O排放的定量实验数据很少，迄今为止，这已抑制了LCA的执行。在这项研究中，微藻物种Nannochloropsis salina是使用硝酸盐氮源通过昼夜明暗循环培养的。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱法定量测量气态N，O排放量。在氮气顶空下（光生物反应器模拟），反应堆在黑暗时期表现出升高的N2O排放，而在光照时期表现出降低的N2O排放。在空气顶空条件下（开放式池塘模拟），在黑暗和黑暗时期，N2O的排放量可以忽略不计。结果表明，当存在硝酸盐时，N2O的产生是由缺氧条件诱导的，这表明N2O是由培养物中细菌的反硝化产生的。反硝化细菌的存在通过基于PCR的norB基因检测和抗生素治疗来验证，后者大大减少了N2O排放。讨论了将这些结果应用于LCA以及用于减少N2O排放的增长管理策略。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2011年第21期|p.9449-9456|共8页
  • 作者

    Kelly D. Fagerstone; Jason C. Quinn; Thomas H. Bradley; Susan K. De Long; Anthony J. Marchese;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1374 United States;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1374 United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1372 United States;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1374 United States;

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1374 United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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