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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Dynamic Molecular Structure of Plant Biomass-Derived Black Carbon (Biochar)
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Dynamic Molecular Structure of Plant Biomass-Derived Black Carbon (Biochar)

机译：植物生物质黑碳（生物炭）的动态分子结构

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摘要

Char black carbon (BC), the solid residue of incomplete combustion, is continuously being added to soils and sediments due to natural vegetation fires, anthropogenic pollution, and new strategies for carbon sequestration ("biochar"). Here we present a molecular-level assessment of the physical organization and chemical complexity of biomass-derived chars and, specifically, that of aromatic carbon in char structures. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-N_2 surface area (SA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), synchrotron-based near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), and Fouriertransform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy are used to show how two plant materials (wood and grass) undergo analogous but quantitatively different physical-chemical transitions as charring temperature increases from 100 to 700 ℃. These changes suggest the existence of four distinct categories of char consisting of a unique mixture of chemical phases and physical states: 1. in transition chars, the crystalline character of the precursor materials is preserved; 2. in amorphous chars, the heat-altered molecules and incipient aromatic polycondensates are randomly mixed; 3. composite chars consist of poorly ordered graphene stacks embedded in amorphous phases; and (iv) turbostratic chars are dominated by disordered graphitic crystallites. Molecular variations among the different char categories likely translate into differences in their ability to persist in the environment and function as environmental sorbents.
机译：由于自然植被燃烧，人为污染和碳固存的新策略（“生物炭”），不完全燃烧的固体残留物炭黑碳（BC）不断被添加到土壤和沉积物中。在这里，我们提出了一种分子水平的评估，即生物质衍生碳的物理组织和化学复杂性，尤其是碳结构中的芳香碳。分别是Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）-N_2表面积（SA），X射线衍射（XRD），基于同步加速器的近边缘X射线吸收精细结构（NEXAFS）和傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱用来显示两种植物材料（木材和草）如何随着炭化温度从100℃升高到700℃而经历相似但在数量上不同的物理化学转变。这些变化表明存在四种不同类型的炭，由化学相和物理状态的独特混合物组成：1.在过渡炭中，保留了前体材料的晶体特性； 2.在无定形焦炭中，热变分子和初期芳香族缩聚物随机混合； 3.复合炭由无定形相中嵌入的无序石墨烯叠层组成； （iv）透层炭为无序石墨微晶。不同炭类之间的分子变异可能会转化为它们在环境中持久存在并充当环境吸附剂的能力方面的差异。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2010年第4期|1247-1253|共7页
  • 作者

    MARCO KEILUWEIT; PETER S. NICO; MARK G. JOHNSON; MARKUS KLEBER;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331;

    Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720;

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333;

    Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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